Pathologically Confirmed Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in a 25-Year-Old Former College Football Player

Mez, Jesse; Solomon, Todd M.; Daneshvar, Daniel H.; Stein, Thor D.; McKee, Ann C.

doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.3998

Cited by 42 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The focus of this review is on retired professional athletes, but concerns about CTE are present in younger athletes as well (Mez et al 2016); some of the findings described here may have relevance to them. Regardless of athlete age, evaluating premorbid neurobehavioral functioning is essential to understanding individual-specific change over time and which factors may modify these changes the most.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Clinical Correlates of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE): a Review

et al. 2016

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Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neuropathologically defined disease reportedly linked to a history of repetitive brain trauma. As such, retired collision sport athletes are likely at heightened risk for developing CTE. Researchers have described distinct pathological features of CTE as well a wide range of clinical symptom presentations, recently termed traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES). These clinical symptoms are highly variable, non-specific to individuals described as having CTE pathology in case reports, and are often associated with many other factors. This review describes the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes associated with 1) developmental and demographic factors, 2) neurodevelopmental disorders, 3) normal aging, 4) adjusting to retirement, 5) drug and alcohol abuse, 6) surgeries and anesthesia, and 7) sleep difficulties, as well as the relationship between these factors and risk for developing dementia-related neurodegenerative disease. We discuss why some professional athletes may be particularly susceptible to many of these effects and the importance of choosing appropriate controls groups when designing research protocols. We conclude that these factors should be considered as modifiers predominantly of the clinical outcomes associated with repetitive brain trauma within a broader biopsychosocial framework when interpreting and attributing symptom development, though also note potential effects on neuropathological outcomes. Importantly, this could have significant treatment implications for improving quality of life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Clinical Correlates of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE): a Review

et al. 2016

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“…Early behavioral symptoms include explosivity, verbal and physical violence, loss of control, impulsivity, paranoia and rage behaviors. 22–24 Cognitively, the most prominent deficits are memory, executive functioning and impaired attention. Approximately 45% of subjects with CTE develop dementia; of subjects over the age of 60 years, 66% develop dementia.…”

Section: Clinical Aspects Of Ctementioning

confidence: 99%

Repetitive Head Impacts and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

McKee

Alosco

Huber

2016

Neurosurgery Clinics of North America

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127

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There are growing concerns that cumulative repetitive head impact exposure through routine participation in contact and collision sports is associated with increased risk of long-term problems in memory and cognition, including the development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). CTE is a distinctive neurodegenerative disease that occurs as a result of repetitive head impacts (RHI) including concussion and subconcussion. Like most neurodegenerative diseases, CTE can only be diagnosed by postmortem neuropathologic examination of brain tissue. Recently a panel of exerts concluded that CTE is a unique disorder with a pathognomonic lesion that can be reliably distinguished from other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. The pathognomonic lesion of CTE consists of a perivascular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein in neurons and astrocytes in an irregular pattern, and is typically most prominent at the depths of the cerebral sulci. Clinically CTE is associated with violent behaviors, explosivity, a loss of control, depression, suicide, memory loss and cognitive changes. While the exact incidence and prevalence of CTE remain unknown, there is increasing evidence that CTE affects amateur atheletes as well as professional athletes and military veterans. Given the millions of contact sport athletes and military service members who are exposed to RHI each year, CTE has become a major public health concern. There is a critical need for identification of CTE during life, improved understanding of the epidemiology and pathobiology, and the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies for CTE.

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“…Symptoms associated with CTE may be difficult to differentiate not only from Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease but also from PCS and depression in younger patients 211 .…”

Section: [H3]what Is the Role Of Amyloid Plaques In Cte?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic brain injuries

2016

Nat Rev Dis Primers

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Pathologically Confirmed Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in a 25-Year-Old Former College Football Player

Cited by 42 publications

References 6 publications

Factors Influencing Clinical Correlates of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE): a Review

Factors Influencing Clinical Correlates of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE): a Review

Repetitive Head Impacts and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

Traumatic brain injuries

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