Pathological, serological, and virological findings in sheep infected simultaneously with Bluetongue, Peste-des-petits-ruminants, and Sheeppox viruses

Özmen, Özlem; Kale, Mehmet; Halıgür, Mehmet; Yavru, Sibel

doi:10.1007/s11250-008-9284-5

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…High morbidity and mortality rates in young animals were also reported in other studies (Yeşilbağ et al, 2005;Albayrak and Alkan, 2009;Aytekin et al, 2011). As our observations showed (unpublished data), in young animals severity of symptoms and mortality rate were higher in PPR virus infection in the presence of other viruses such as sheep and goat pox or secondary bacterial infections (Kwiatek et al, 2007;Ozmen et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Phylogenetic analysis of peste des petits ruminants virus from outbreaks in Turkey during 2008–2012

Guler¹,

Şevik²,

Hasöksüz³

2014

Turk J Biol

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Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an important viral disease of sheep and goats and is endemic in all regions of Turkey. In this study, PPR virus infection was investigated by RT-PCR assay based on the fusion (F) gene in PPR-suspected sheep and goat samples. PPR virus RNA was detected in 65 small ruminants (51 sheep, 14 goats) from independent outbreaks during [2008][2009][2010][2011][2012] in provinces in the central and Mediterranean regions and the central-west part of the Aegean region in Turkey. The virus was detected in an aborted sheep fetus sample by RT-PCR, and diagnosis was also confirmed by virus isolation. Vaccine strain Nigeria 75/1 was differentiated from field isolates by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of RT-PCR products using EcoRI. Phylogenetic analysis of 16 viruses indicated that all viruses, including the one from the aborted sheep fetus, belonged to lineage IV, as had the PPR viruses previously isolated in Turkey. Nucleotide sequence identity among 16 viruses was 99.1%-100%. Results showed that PPR virus lineage IV has been in circulation in Turkey since the first detection of the disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Phylogenetic analysis of peste des petits ruminants virus from outbreaks in Turkey during 2008–2012

Guler¹,

Şevik²,

Hasöksüz³

2014

Turk J Biol

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“…In addition, the dermis showed epithelial hypertrophy and nuclear pyknosis in wool follicles, sebaceous and sweat gland [9]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diagnosis of sheeppox is usually based on highly characteristic clinical signs [9], virus isolation, virus neutralisation test (VNT) [10], serological assays (e.g. ELISA) [11] and PCR assays [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sheeppox outbreak in Morocco: isolation and identification of virus responsible for the new clinical form of disease

Zro

Zakham

Melloul³

et al. 2014

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundSheeppoxvirus (SPPV) is a member of the Capripoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family, which causes significant economic losses in Morocco. The resurgence of the sheeppox disease during 2010 was characterized by an emergence of a classical nodular form for the first time in Morocco. However, little is known about the virus strain responsible for nodular form. In this study, thirty three sheep, from the eastern region of Morocco, clinically infected were examined and dead animals were autopsied.A rapid diagnostic assay for SPPV using different type of clinical samples would be useful for outbreak management. The aim of this work was to isolate the virus strain responsible for nodular form and we identified and compared by phylogenetic analysis the field strain with Moroccan vaccine strain targeting the thymidine kinase (TK) gene and the chemokine analogue receptor of interleukin (IL8) gene. Further, it was important to investigate and validate a real-time PCR using different clinical and post-mortem samples to manage epidemic sheeppox disease.ResultsThe nodular form of sheeppox disease observed in Morocco was clinically characterized by fever, depression, lacrimation, diarrhea in lambs and nodule. At necropsy, the most affected organ was the lung. The etiological strain was successfully isolated from lung nodule in a dead lamb and was identified by using real-time PCR that has been tested and validated on different types of clinical and post mortem samples from naturally infected animals. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of TK and IL8 gene showed that there was a very close relationship between field and vaccine strain. They were clustered within other SPPV strains.ConclusionIn the current study, we show for the first time the nodular form of sheeppox in Morocco. We demonstrate a robust real-time PCR-based diagnostic assay to detect the sheeppox virus in multiple sample that can be implemented to efficiently manage the disease outbreak. Our study also offers the prospect for future molecular studies to understand the clinical forms.

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“…Peste‐des‐petits‐ruminants virus is known to cause marked immunosuppression as evidenced by leukopenia, lymphopenia and reduced early antibody response to both specific and non‐specific antigen (Rajak et al., 2005). Except for a few recent reports, information on dual infection with PPR is limited (Saravanan et al., 2007; Kul et al., 2008; Mondal et al., 2009; Ozmen et al., 2009). An outbreak was recorded in a small tribal area of Dhindori district of Madhya Pradesh, which claimed 112 goats out of a total 150, within a few days in May 2008.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Dual Infection of Peste-Des-Petits-Ruminants and Goatpox in Indigenous Goats of Central India

Malik

Singh

Chandrashekar

et al. 2011

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Summary Peste‐des‐petits‐ruminants (PPR), bluetongue (BT) and goatpox (GP) have been well recognized as causes of significant economic losses in the small ruminant population of Asia and Africa. We describe here the occurrence of these three in an outbreak noticed in non‐descript goats from a subtropical region of central India. An investigation was carried out to confirm the aetiology of the heavy mortality in goats (74.6%, 112/150), with testing of samples from 12 surviving animals exhibiting mixed clinical signs indicative of PPR, BT and GP. Sandwich ELISA was used to detect PPR virus antigen and competition ELISA to detect PPR virus and BT virus antibodies. GP was confirmed on the basis of nodular lesions and an immunodiffusion assay. Eight of the 12 affected animals (66.7%) were positive for PPR virus and BT virus antibodies, and two goats (16.7%, 2/12) exhibiting clinical lesions of pox were also found positive for PPR virus/antibodies and BT virus antibodies, respectively. Although BT virus could not be identified in any sample, detection of BT virus antibodies indicated previous or possibly concurrent infection with BT virus in these goats. The N‐gene‐based RT‐PCR was used to confirm the PPR infection in these goats, and one of the amplicons was sequenced. The sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed close proximity to PPR virus isolates from Tibet and China, with sequence homology of up to 96.9%. The sequence homology was relatively low with the majority of other Indian isolates (72.7–93.5%). The detection of this new PPR virus sequence indicates the circulation of cross‐border strains in this region of India. It is presumed that the heavy mortality observed in goats is possibly attributable to the occurrence of mixed infection of PPR and GP, or PPR, BT and GP.

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Pathological, serological, and virological findings in sheep infected simultaneously with Bluetongue, Peste-des-petits-ruminants, and Sheeppox viruses

Cited by 30 publications

References 13 publications

Phylogenetic analysis of peste des petits ruminants virus from outbreaks in Turkey during 2008–2012

Phylogenetic analysis of peste des petits ruminants virus from outbreaks in Turkey during 2008–2012

A sheeppox outbreak in Morocco: isolation and identification of virus responsible for the new clinical form of disease

Occurrence of Dual Infection of Peste-Des-Petits-Ruminants and Goatpox in Indigenous Goats of Central India

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