Pathological Roles and Clinical Usefulness of Periostin in Type 2 Inflammation and Pulmonary Fibrosis

Abstract

Periostin is known to be a useful biomarker for various diseases. In this article, we focus on allergic diseases and pulmonary fibrosis, for which we and others are now developing detection systems for periostin as a biomarker. Biomarker-based precision medicine in the management of type 2 inflammation and fibrotic diseases since heterogeneity is of utmost importance. Periostin expression is induced by type 2 cytokines (interleukin-4/-13) or transforming growth factor-β, and plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation or interstitial lung disease, respectively, andits serum levels are correlated disease severity, prognosis and responsiveness to the treatment. We first summarise the importance of type 2 biomarker and then describe the pathological role of periostin in the development and progression of type 2 allergic inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, then, we summarise the recent development of assay methods for periostin detection, and analyse the diseases in which periostin concentration is elevated in serum and local biological fluids and its usefulness as a biomarker. Furthermore, we describe recent findings of periostin as a biomarker in the use of biologics or anti-fibrotic therapy. Finally, we describe the factors that influence the change in periostin concentration under the healthy conditions.

Upregulation of Periostin Through CREB Participates in Myocardial Infarction-induced Myocardial Fibrosis

“…[15][16][17] In particular, periostin was provided to be expressed in allergy, inflammation, fibrosis, and tumors for its promotive role in intermolecular interactions. 18,19 It has been reported that some of its activities were mediated by its binding to cell surface receptors of the integrin family. 19,20 The enhanced secretory function of heart proximal infarction area ensures the timeliness of fibrous repair and effectively prevents the occurrence of cardiac rupture.…”

“…18,19 It has been reported that some of its activities were mediated by its binding to cell surface receptors of the integrin family. 19,20 The enhanced secretory function of heart proximal infarction area ensures the timeliness of fibrous repair and effectively prevents the occurrence of cardiac rupture. In our study, the periostin levels were elevated post-MI in the apex of the heart proximal infarction area, which suggested that the ECM in proximal infarct tissue played an important role in myocardial fibrosis post-MI.…”

Role of club cell 16‐kDa secretory protein in asthmatic airways

“…MMP-9, TIMP-1, periostin and TGF-β1 are known to contribute to airways remodelling. [20][21][22][23] When compared between the present BDR and absent BDR groups, significantly higher levels of serum MMP-9 (507.8 ± 259.5 vs. 352.2 ± 240.9 ng/mL, p = .019) and MPO (560.9 ± 234.0 vs. 412.3 ± 242.8 ng/mL, p = .022) were noted (Table 2); however, no significant differences were noted in serum predicted the present BDR group from the absent BDR group (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.740, p = 0.004, Figure 1D).…”

In vitro models for investigating itch

“…Dermal periostin is upregulated in patients with both AD and prurigo nodularis (PN, a chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by itchy nodules), and also induces allergic itch in mice, dogs and non-human primates via integrin α V β 3 ( Kou et al, 2014 ; Sung et al, 2017 ; Mishra et al, 2020 ; Hashimoto et al, 2021c ). Through perturbed periostin homeostasis, fibroblasts could therefore play a key role in pruritus pathology ( Hashimoto et al, 2021a ; Ono et al, 2021 ).…”