Pathological Metabolism of Methionine in Malignant Cells Is a Potential Target for the Antitumor Therapy

Abstract

This review presents the characteristics of the cellular metabolism of methionine, as well as known data on the mechanisms of the development of methionine dependence in malignant cells. The possibilities of using a non-methionine diet for the control of the tumor growth in patients with various forms of cancer are considered. The information about methionine Y-lyase, an enzyme providing elimination of methionine from plasma, is provided. Its role as a potential antitumor enzyme is disclosed. Data on cytotoxic activity of the enzyme, obtained from various sources, and information on tumor models and cell cultures, showing methionine dependence are summarised.