Pathological lesions associated with Anoplocephala perfoliata at the ileo-caecal junction of horses

Pearson, G. R.; Davies, LW; White, AL; O’Brien, Justine K.

doi:10.1136/vr.132.8.179

Cited by 52 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…The test results from the ELISA have been shown to correlate well with the infection intensity [49], which is important clinically because the risk of tapeworm-associated colic is known to be proportional to the infection intensity. This finding is consistent with the observation that ileo-caecal pathology is proportional to the infection intensity [15,45]. Serological diagnosis of tapeworm infection intensity has been used to investigate the epidemiology of tapeworm infection, to establish the relationship between tapeworm infection and disease and to investigate populations of horses with a history consistent with tapeworm associated colic.…”

Section: An Immunodiagnostic Assay For Equine Tapeworm Infectionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Recent developments in research into the Cyathostominae and Anoplocephala perfoliata

et al. 2004

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-Intestinal helminths are an important cause of equine disease. Of these parasites, the Cyathostominae are the commonest group that infect horses. These nematodes consist of a complex tribe of 51 species, although individual horses tend to harbour 10 or so common species, in addition to a few rarer species. The Cyathostominae can be extremely pathogenic, and high levels of infection result in clinical symptoms ranging from chronic weight loss to colic, diarrhoea and death. As part of their life cycle, immature cyathostomins penetrate the large intestinal wall, where they can enter a state of inhibited larval development. These larvae can exist in this state for months to years, after which they subsequently re-emerge. If larvae re-emerge in large numbers (i.e. several million), severe pathological consequences ensue. The inhibited larvae are also relatively refractory to several of the currently available anthelmintics, so that horses treated previously with anthelmintics can still carry life-threatening burdens of these parasitic stages. Little is known about the cyathostomin larvae during their mucosal phase, and current research efforts are focused on investigating the biology of these stages. Much of the research described here highlights this area of research and details studies aimed at investigating the host immune responses that the mucosal larvae invoke. As part of this research effort, molecular tools have been developed to facilitate the identification of larval and egg stages of cyathostomins. These molecular tools are now proving very useful in the investigation of the relative contributions that individual, common cyathostomin species make to the pathology and epidemiology of mixed helminth infections. At the more applied level, research is also in progress to develop an immunodiagnostic test that will allow numbers of mucosal larvae to be estimated. This test utilises antigen-specific IgG(T) serum antibody responses as markers of infection. As anthelmintic resistance will be the major constraint on the future control of the Cyathostominae, researchers are now actively investigating this area and studies aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance are described. Another parasite which has assumed a clinically important role in horses is the tapeworm, Anoplocephala perfoliata. This parasite is prevalent world-wide and has been shown to be a significant cause of equine colic. Because previous methods of estimating the infection intensity of tapeworm were inaccurate, recent research has been directed at developing an immunodiagnostic ELISA for these cestodes. Specific IgG(T) responses to antigens secreted by adult tapeworms have been shown to provide a reasonable indication of infection intensity. An ELISA based on these responses is now commercially available. The steps involved in the development of this ELISA are described here. In addition to these recent advances in research, this review also outlines the principle areas for future research into these important equin...

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Section: An Immunodiagnostic Assay For Equine Tapeworm Infectionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Recent developments in research into the Cyathostominae and Anoplocephala perfoliata

et al. 2004

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“…Our estimates for Anoplocephala sp. are similar to those of Sengupta & Yadav (1998), but much lower than some others (Lyons et al 1984, Pearson et al 1993, Fogarty et al 1994, where levels reach 80%, perhaps because of the availability of the intermediate oribatid mite host in favourable environmental conditions. The prevalences of Balantidium coli and Eimeria leuckarti were similar to those of Sengupta & Yadav (1998, 2003.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Studies on gastro-intestinal helminths of <i>Equus acinus</i> in North Gujarat, India

Parsani¹,

Momin²,

Lateef³

et al. 2013

Egypt. J. Bio.

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A year round study (October to September) was conducted in the districts of North Gujarat (India) to identify the gastro-intestinal helminths of donkeys (Equus acinus), determine prevalence and correlate haematological parameters with parasite burdens. A total of 1794 faecal samples of donkeys contained the following helminths (prevalence % in brackets): Strongyloides westeri (17.2), Parascaris equorum (23.8), Strongylus sp. (55.3), an amphistome digenean (1.5), Anoplocephala sp. (1.0), Balantidium coli (13.1) and Eimeria leuckarti (7.0). Overall prevalence was 75.9 with a mean of 627 (50-1650) eggs per gram faeces. Seasonally the maximum prevalence (85.3) occurred in March and minimum (65.2) in July. 14% of donkeys were considered to be severely infected, 38% heavily, 36% moderately and 12% mildly infected. Larval cultures revealed the presence of (prevalence%): Cyathostomum sp. (48)

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“…A survey carried out at an abattoir in lreland (Fogarty et al 1994) showed that 51% of horses examined had tapeworms attached to the mucosa at the ileo-caecal junction and/or the The Role of Taoeworms in Equine Colic caecum. Of these 5% were only at the ileocaecal junction, 24o/o only to the caecal mucosa and 22% at both sites, In this survey and that reported by Pearson et al (1993), the number of tapeworms present varied considerably and only a few horses had heavy burdens. The extent of the infestation was not related to breed, age or source of origin of the horses.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 43%

“…Pathological studies have identified both gross and histological pathology at the site of parasite attachments, the severity being directly proportional to parasite infection intensity (Beroza et al 1986;Fogariy et al 1994;Pearson et al 1993). A survey carried out at an abattoir in lreland (Fogarty et al 1994) showed that 51% of horses examined had tapeworms attached to the mucosa at the ileo-caecal junction and/or the The Role of Taoeworms in Equine Colic caecum.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of tapeworms in equine colic

Edwards¹

1999

PHK

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SummaryThere is an increasing amount of evidence to incriminate the equine tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata in a variety of intestinal obstructions involving the ileum and caecum. Pathological studies have shown that when large numbers of tapeworms cluster together they cause considerable inflammatory changes to the intestinal wall. Until rec€ntly the lack of a reliable method of diagnosing tapeworm infections has hampered epidemiological studies but the development of an ELISA serological test which shows a close clrrelation between optical densities and infection intensity has enabled case control studies to be carried out which show that tapeworms are one of several potential risk factors for colic. Although total elimination of tapeworms is neither realistic nor necessary, identification and treatment of horses with large numbers of tapeworms should reduce the incidence of ileocaecal colic.

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Pathological lesions associated with Anoplocephala perfoliata at the ileo-caecal junction of horses

Cited by 52 publications

References 0 publications

Recent developments in research into the Cyathostominae and Anoplocephala perfoliata

Recent developments in research into the Cyathostominae and Anoplocephala perfoliata

Studies on gastro-intestinal helminths of <i>Equus acinus</i> in North Gujarat, India

The role of tapeworms in equine colic

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