Pathological Features of Experimental Bovine Leukaemia Viral (BLV) Infection in Rats and Rabbits

Dimitrov, Philip; Simeonov, Konstantin; Todorovа, Katerina; Ivanova, Zina; Toshkova, Reneta; Shikova, Evelina; Russev, Russy

doi:10.2478/v10213-012-0021-5

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Experimentally, sheep, goats, pigs, chickens, rats, and rabbits have been infected [117], but the disease has a shorter period of latency, takes over the animal more quickly and is passed on more frequently than in cattle. Rats are one of the suitable models for in vivo studies of BLV infection [118].…”

Section: Blv Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Leukaemia Virus: Current Epidemiological Circumstance and Future Prospective

Marawan

Alouffi

Tokhy

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is a deltaretrovirus that is closely related to human T-cell leukaemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and -2). It causes enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), which is the most important neoplastic disease in cattle. Most BLV-infected cattle are asymptomatic, which potentiates extremely high shedding rates of the virus in many cattle populations. Approximately 30% of them show persistent lymphocytosis that has various clinical outcomes; only a small proportion of animals (less than 5%) exhibit signs of EBL. BLV causes major economic losses in the cattle industry, especially in dairy farms. Direct costs are due to a decrease in animal productivity and in cow longevity; indirect costs are caused by restrictions that are placed on the import of animals and animal products from infected areas. Most European regions have implemented an efficient eradication programme, yet BLV prevalence remains high worldwide. Control of the disease is not feasible because there is no effective vaccine against it. Therefore, detection and early diagnosis of the disease are essential in order to diminish its spreading and the economic losses it causes. This review comprises an overview of bovine leukosis, which highlights the epidemiology of the disease, diagnostic tests that are used and effective control strategies.

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Section: Blv Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Leukaemia Virus: Current Epidemiological Circumstance and Future Prospective

Marawan

Alouffi

Tokhy

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…К настоящему времени разработано значительное количество ПЦР-методов, направленных на выявление провирусной ДНК в клетках крови животных. Как видно из приведенных выше данных об особенностях организации вирусного генома, наиболее привлекательными для диагностики являются 5'-длинные концевые повторы [42,43], гены gag [44], pol [45], env [46] и tax [47,48]. Важно отметить, что количество копий провируса в общем случае остается чрезвычайно малым по сравнению геномом хозяина, из-за чего большое количество тест-систем сконструировано с использованием гнездовой ПЦР.…”

Section: молекулярно-генетическая диагностика вируса Blvunclassified

Structural characteristics of the bovine leukemia virus genome: A mini review

Fomenko

2023

Food systems

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Enzootic bovine leukemia is an infectious disease with a chronic course caused by an RNA‑containing virus of the genus Deltaretrovirus. Despite the implementation of various programs for the elimination of leukemia, the disease is still widespread on the planet and continues to cause significant economic damage. A large proportion of BLV‑infected cattle remain to be asymptomatic carriers of the virus, which complicates diagnosis and contributes to the spread of the disease in the herd. The structure of the BLV genome is generally typical of retroviruses. It consists of genes encoding structural proteins, viral enzymes and regulatory elements flanked on both sides by identical long terminal repeats. The enzyme and structural protein coding genes (gag, pro, pol, and env) play a crucial role in the life cycle of the virus, influencing its infectivity and virion production. The tax and rex regulatory genes regulate viral transcription, export of transcripts from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and disease progression. The increase in the number of copies of proviral DNA occurs mainly not due to the functioning of the virus reverse transcriptase, but because of clonal reproduction of the affected subpopulations of B‑cells, mainly CD5+ IgM+. This feature provides increased genetic stability of the BLV virus. These properties of the viral genome allow the development of a variety of PCR test systems. The widespread implementation of such systems enables the detection of carriers of the disease at early stages, which should contribute to the effective implementation of national programs to eradicate bovine leukemia.

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