Pathological effects of feeding young Oreochromis niloticus diets supplemented with different levels of aflatoxin B1

Crescimento e alterações no fígado e na carcaça de alevinos de jundiá alimentados com dietas com aflatoxinas

“…Tuan et al (2002) observaram que tilápias (Oreochromis niloticus) com 100 ppm de aflatoxina B1 kg -1 reduziram ganho de peso e apresentaram mortalidade. Há relatos sobre essa espécie de que peixes submetidos a pequenas concentrações de aflatoxinas (5-15 ppb) apresentam reduções acentuadas no ganho de peso (Chávez-Sánchez et al, 1994;Conroy, 2000).…”

Response and recovery of gibel carp from subchronic oral administration of aflatoxin B1

“…Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) has the highest potency as a toxin and is classified as group I carcinogen by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1993). After ingestion by animals, AFB 1 , is converted to AFB 1 -8, 9-epoxide in the liver, forming adducts with the guanine base of DNA (Smith, 1997), and resulting in reduced body weight, behavioral abnormalities, yellowing of the body surface, immunity inhibition, necrotic hepatocytes and other adverse effects (Chávez-Sánchez et al, 1994;Deng et al, 2010;Manning et al, 2005;Sahoo and Mukherjee, 2001). Much research on toxicity of AFB 1 has been carried out on cultured species of fish and crustaceans including rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Halver, 1969), channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Aquaculture 319 (2011) [89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97] Abbreviations: AFB 1 , aflatoxin B 1 ; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; BW, body weight; FR, feeding rate; SGR, specific growth rate; FE, feed efficiency; ADC d , apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter; ADC p , apparent digestibility coefficient of protein; ADC l , apparent digestibility coefficient of lipid; 1st EP: first exposure period, weeks 0-4; 2nd EP: second exposure period, weeks 5-12; RP: recovery period, weeks 13-16.…”

“…Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Aquaculture j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w. e l s ev i e r. c o m / l o c a t e / a q u a -o n l i n e Lovell, 1984), Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Chávez-Sánchez et al, 1994;Tuan et al 2002), rohu Labeo rohita Mukherjee, 2001, 2003), hybrid sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus ♀ × A. baerii ♂ (Raghavan et al, 2011) and sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax L. (ElSayed and Khalil, 2009). The biological effects of AFB 1 in fish are thought to be directly linked to their concentration in the feed and to the animal's age and species (Eaton and Groopman, 1994).…”

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“…Chronic exposure of AFB1 resulted in specific variations and injury to the liver of Nile tilapia (Chavez-Sanchez et al, 1994;El-Banna et al, 1992;Tuan et al, 2002). Kenawy, El-Genaidy, Authman, & Abdel-Wahhab (2009) observed that the liver of Nile tilapia enlarged and faded with grayish patches with the spleen also weighed in the availabletreated fish.…”

“…They also concluded that growth performance and hematocrit of tilapia affected only at high dose as 2.5 mg AFB1/kg feed. Moreover, Chavez-Sanchez et al (1994) concluded that tilapia can tolerate as high as 30 mg/kg AFB1 of feed without mortality.…”