Pathological Choice: The Neuroscience of Gambling and Gambling Addiction

Clark, Luke; Averbeck, Bruno B.; Payer, Doris; Sescousse, Guillaume; Winstanley, Catharine A.; Xue, Gui

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3231-13.2013

Cited by 93 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…This disorder, was recently re-categorized from an 'impulse control disorder' in DMS-IV to a 'behavioural addiction 'in DSM-5 due to clinical and cognitive similarities with substance addiction. Thus pathological or disordered gambling serves as a useful model to study addiction in the absence of any drug-induced changes in neurotransmitter function 98 .…”

Section: Does Dopamine Have Other Roles?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The dopamine theory of addiction: 40 years of highs and lows

et al. 2015

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Addiction has for several decades come to be viewed as a disorder of the dopamine neurotransmitter system; however, this view has not led to new treatments. We review the origins of the dopamine theory of addiction and discuss the ability of addictive drugs to elicit the release dopamine in the human striatum. There is robust evidence that stimulants increase striatal dopamine release, some evidence for alcohol, but little if any for cannabis and opiates. Moreover, there is good evidence that striatal dopamine receptor availability and dopamine release are diminished in individuals with stimulant or alcohol dependence but not in individuals with opiate, nicotine or cannabis dependence. These observations have implications for understanding reward and treatment responses in various addictions.

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Section: Does Dopamine Have Other Roles?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The dopamine theory of addiction: 40 years of highs and lows

et al. 2015

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“…Our results may prompt a reconsideration of the phenomena in these research areas. For example, gambling disorder (GD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by excess risky gambling in spite of negative consequences (van Holst et al 2010, Hodgins et al 2011, Clark et al 2013, Potenza 2014. As past studies simply focused on the individual risk preferences of GD patients (i.e., excess risk-proneness), they may lack the ability of quota-dependent strategy-optimization.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible modulation of risk attitude during decision-making under quota

Fujimoto

Takahashi

2016

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“…One of these two extreme strategies observed in a small proportion of healthy subjects is often reinforced in some psychopathological situations in which alteration of prefrontal networks is a hallmark, such as schizophrenia (Brown et al 2015), depression (Cella et al 2010), pathological gambling (Clark et al 2013), or addiction (Balconi and Finocchiaro 2015). Furthermore, adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders and vulnerability for addiction more frequently show risky decision-making (Schutter et al 2011) and addicted adult patients are more focused on reward which changes their internal state and inner sensation (Paulus and Stewart 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual behavioral and neurochemical markers of unadapted decision-making processes in healthy inbred mice

et al. 2016

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One of the hallmarks of decision-making processes is the inter-individual variability between healthy subjects. These behavioral patterns could constitute risk factors for the development of psychiatric disorders. Therefore, finding predictive markers of safe or risky decision-making is an important challenge for psychiatry research. We set up a mouse gambling task (MGT)—adapted from the human Iowa gambling task with uncertain contingencies between response and outcome that furthermore enables the emergence of inter-individual differences. Mice (n = 54) were further individually characterized for locomotive, emotional and cognitive behavior. Individual basal rates of monoamines and brain activation after the MGT were assessed in brain regions related to reward, emotion or cognition. In a large healthy mice population, 44 % showed a balanced strategy with limited risk-taking and flexible choices, 29 % showed a safe but rigid strategy, while 27 % adopted risky behavior. Risky mice took also more risks in other apparatus behavioral devices and were less sensitive to reward. No difference existed between groups regarding anxiety, working memory, locomotion and impulsivity. Safe/rigid mice exhibited a hypoactivation of prefrontal subareas, a high level of serotonin in the orbitofrontal cortex combined with a low level of dopamine in the putamen that predicted the emergence of rigid behavior. By contrast, high levels of dopamine, serotonin and noradrenalin in the hippocampus predicted the emergence of more exploratory and risky behaviors. The coping of C57bl/6J mice in MGT enables the determination of extreme patterns of choices either safe/rigid or risky/flexible, related to specific neurochemical and behavioral markers.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00429-016-1192-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Pathological Choice: The Neuroscience of Gambling and Gambling Addiction

Cited by 93 publications

References 96 publications

The dopamine theory of addiction: 40 years of highs and lows

The dopamine theory of addiction: 40 years of highs and lows

Flexible modulation of risk attitude during decision-making under quota

Individual behavioral and neurochemical markers of unadapted decision-making processes in healthy inbred mice

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