Pathological Characteristics of Prostate Cancer in Men Aged &lt; 50 Years Treated with Radical Prostatectomy: a Multi-Centre Study in Korea

Chung, Mun Su; Shim, Myungsun; Cho, Jin Seon; Bang, Woojin; Kim, Sun Il; Cho, Sung Yong; Rha, Koon Ho; Hong, Sung Joon; Koo, Kyo Chul; Lee, Kwang Suk; Chung, Byung Ha; Lee, Seung Hwan

doi:10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e78

Cited by 5 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In South Korea, the incidence of prostate cancer is increasing significantly. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the fifth most common cancer among males in Korea and the expected cancer deaths in 2018 were 82,155 [2]. The detection of prostate cancer has always been a major issue for pathologists and medical…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of Benign and Malignant Tumors in Histopathology: Predicting Prostate Cancer Grading Using SVM

et al. 2019

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An adenocarcinoma is a type of malignant cancerous tissue that forms from a glandular structure in epithelial tissue. Analyzed stained microscopic biopsy images were used to perform image manipulation and extract significant features for support vector machine (SVM) classification, to predict the Gleason grading of prostate cancer (PCa) based on the morphological features of the cell nucleus and lumen. Histopathology biopsy tissue images were used and categorized into four Gleason grade groups, namely Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade 5, and benign. The first three grades are considered malignant. K-means and watershed algorithms were used for color-based segmentation and separation of overlapping cell nuclei, respectively. In total, 400 images, divided equally among the four groups, were collected for SVM classification. To classify the proposed morphological features, SVM classification based on binary learning was performed using linear and Gaussian classifiers. The prediction model yielded an accuracy of 88.7% for malignant vs. benign, 85.0% for Grade 3 vs. Grade 4, 5, and 92.5% for Grade 4 vs. Grade 5. The SVM, based on biopsy-derived image features, consistently and accurately classified the Gleason grading of prostate cancer. All results are comparatively better than those reported in the literature. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 2969 2 of 17 practitioners, for both diagnosis and treatment. Usually, the cancer detection process in histopathology consists of categorizing stained microscopic biopsy images into malignant and benign.The Gleason grade grouping system defines Gleason scores ≤ 6 as grade 1, score 3 + 4 = 7 as grade 2, score 4 + 3 = 7 as grade 3, score 4 + 4, 3 + 5 or 5 + 3 = 8 as grade 4, and score 4 + 5, 5 + 4 or 5 + 5 = 9 or 10 as grade 5. The Gleason score is obtained by adding the primary (most common) and secondary (second most common) scores from H&E stained tissue microscopic images. This system was developed by Dr. Donald F Gleason, who was a Pathologist in Minnesota, and members of the Veterans Administration Cooperative Urological Research Group (VACURG) [3]. This system was tested on a large number of patients, including long-term follow-ups and is considered an outstanding success.In recent years, an excellent and important addition to microscopy and digital imaging has been developed for microscopes that are used to convert stained tissue slides into whole slide digital images. This allows for more efficient computer-based viewing and analysis of histopathology. Early diagnosis and treatment are required, to avoid the enlargement of cancer cells in the prostate gland and control the spreading of more aggressive tumors to other parts of the body.The digital pathology field has grown dramatically over recent years, largely due to technological advancements in image processing and machine learning algorithms, and increases in computational power. As part of this field, many methods have been proposed for automatic histopathological image analysis and classification. In this paper, color segmentation, based...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of Benign and Malignant Tumors in Histopathology: Predicting Prostate Cancer Grading Using SVM

et al. 2019

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“…After excluding case reports, non-published materials, editorials, reviews, commentaries, conference abstracts, and animal experiments, as well as irrelevant-topic studies with the first browse of title and abstract, the full-text of 191 papers, were read in detail to determine the eligibility. Finally, a total of 26 studies published from 2000 to 2019 with 391 068 patients in PSA era were included in the current study ( Table 1, Stable 1), 12,15,18,19,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] and the majority of these studies were of relatively high quality with seven or more stars according to the NOS assessment ( Table 1). Seven out of the 26 studies which provided the data on comparing clinicopathological characteristics between younger (age ≤ 50) and older (age > 50) patients were suitable for odds ratio (OR) meta-analyses (Table 2).…”

Section: Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seven out of the 26 studies which provided the data on comparing clinicopathological characteristics between younger (age ≤ 50) and older (age > 50) patients were suitable for odds ratio (OR) meta-analyses (Table 2). [22][23][24]31,39,46,47 Furthermore, seven out of the 26 studies including 45 896 patients were with hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI information for BCR prognosis and found to meet the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. (Tables 3 and 4).…”

Section: Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 3 of the 10 studies evaluating cT stage, all studies showed that younger patients were with a significantly higher proportion of low cT stage (≤cT1; range from 25.0% to 68.0%), and only one study showed a significantly lower proportion of ≤ cT1 in younger patients (30.5% vs 52.1%). 22 Younger patients showed significantly lower pT stage in 7 of 12 studies (≤pT2; range from 64.2% to 88.2%), higher proportion of BxGS ≤ 6 in 8 of 11 studies (range from 35.4% to 78.3%), RP GS ≤ 6 in 6 of 14 studies (range from 13.6% to 69.3%), and low-risk PCa by D'Amico risk criteria in 4 of 5 studies (range from 46.7% to 59.9%). In addition, 4 of the 14 studies with PSM comparisons indicated that younger patients had a significantly lower PSM rate (range from 5.1% to 23.5%) when compared with older patients.…”

Section: Systematic Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the publication of these reviews, more work regarding clinicopathologic characteristics of younger patients and the impact of early screening prognosis of PCa after RP have been reported. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] In recent years, to avoid the overtreatment of indolent low-risk PCa detected by PSA screening, active surveillance (AS) treatment option has been increasingly adopted. 35 When the safety and feasibility of AS on younger patients were investigated by Salari et al, 36 they reported that AS outcome for men aged ≤ 60 years was similar to those patients at an age older than 60 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinicopathological characteristics of localized prostate cancer in younger men aged ≤ 50 years treated with radical prostatectomy in the PSA era: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Zheng

Lin

et al. 2020

Cancer Medicine

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Objectives With the rapid increase in younger age prostate cancer (PCa) patients, the impact of younger age on decision‐making for PCa treatment needs to be revaluated in the new era. Materials and Methods A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science up to October 2019 to identify the eligible radical prostatectomy (RP) studies focusing on understanding the impact of age on clinicopathological features and oncological prognosis in patients with localized PCa in PSA era. Meta‐analyses were conducted using available hazard ratios (HRs) from both univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Twenty‐six studies including 391 068 patients with RP treatments from the PSA era were included. Of these studies, age of 50 years old (age50) is the most commonly used cut‐off age to separate the younger patient group (including either age < 50 or age ≤ 50) from the older patient group. In these studies, the incidence of younger patients varied between 2.6% and 16.6% with a median of 8.3%. Younger patients consistently showed more favorable clinicopathological features correlated with better BCR prognosis. Meta‐analyses showed a 1.38‐fold improved BCR survival of younger patients in multivariate analysis. Among the high‐risk PCa patients, younger age was independently associated with worse oncological outcomes in multivariate analyses. Conclusion In this study, we found younger age correlated with favorable clinicopathological characteristics and better BCR prognosis in low‐ to intermediate‐risk patients. In high‐risk group patients, younger patients often showed significantly worse oncological outcomes. Our study results suggest that age 50 could be used as a practical cut‐off age to separate younger age patients from older age PCa patients.

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Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of prostate cancer diagnosed in young men aged up to 45 years

Baniak

Sholl

Mata³

et al. 2021

Histopathology

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Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of prostate cancer diagnosed in young men aged up to 45 years Aims: To characterise and compare the poorly understood clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa) in very young patients. Methods and results: We compared the clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of PCa diagnosed in 90 patients aged ≤45 years with those of PCa diagnosed in 200 patients of typical screening age (i.e. 60-65 years). Patients diagnosed at a younger age had a higher frequency of a family history of PCa and lower prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels than those diagnosed at regular screening age. There were no statistically significant differences in clinical stage or pathological characteristics of the core biopsy specimens between the groups. Young patients had a higher frequency of Grade Group 1 disease at radical prostatectomy. A subset of 13 aggressive PCa cases from young patients underwent successful DNA-based next-generation sequencing. In all, 46.2% (6/13) had TMPRSS2 rearrangements and 23.1% (3/13) had relevant pathogenic variants in DNA damage repair genes, including a mismatch repair-deficient case with biallelic inactivation of MLH1. No statistically significant differences were observed in PCa-specific recurrence/ progression between the younger and older patients, including after adjustment for clinical stage, PSA level, and Grade Group. Conclusions: In this study, the clinicopathological and molecular features of PCa diagnosed in young patients were comparable to those of PCa diagnosed in patients of screening age. Early-onset PCa cases were not enriched in any of the known molecular PCa subtypes in this small series.

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Pathological Characteristics of Prostate Cancer in Men Aged < 50 Years Treated with Radical Prostatectomy: a Multi-Centre Study in Korea

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Quantitative Analysis of Benign and Malignant Tumors in Histopathology: Predicting Prostate Cancer Grading Using SVM

Quantitative Analysis of Benign and Malignant Tumors in Histopathology: Predicting Prostate Cancer Grading Using SVM

Clinicopathological characteristics of localized prostate cancer in younger men aged ≤ 50 years treated with radical prostatectomy in the PSA era: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of prostate cancer diagnosed in young men aged up to 45 years

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