Pathological changes in the lungs and lymphatic organs of 12 COVID-19 autopsy cases

Liu, Qian; Yu, Shaojun; Cai, Jun; Duan, Yaqi; Wang, Rongshuai; Zhang, Hongyan; Ruan, Qiurong; Li, Jiansha; Zhao, Lei; Ping, Yi‐Fang; Chen, Rong; Ren, Liang; Fei, Xiaochun; Zhang, Heng; Tang, Rui; Wang, Xi; Luo, Tao; Liu, Xindong; Huang, Xuequan; Liu, Zhenhua; Ao, Qilin; Ren, Yong; Xiong, Jing; He, Zhicheng; Wu, Haibo; Fu, Wen-Juan; Zhao, Pengnan; Chen, Xinwei; Qu, Guoqiang; Wang, Yunyun; Liu, Jia; Xiang, Dongfang; Xu, Sanpeng; Zhou, Xiaowei; Li, Qingrui; Ma, Jinghong; Li, Heng; Zhang, Jie; Huang, Shu; Yao, Xiaohong; Zhou, Yiwu; Wang, Chaofu; Zhang, Dingyu; Wang, Guoping; Liu, Liang; Bian, Xiu‐Wu

doi:10.1093/nsr/nwaa247

Cited by 59 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In another study, Liu et al reported that the postmortem spleens were generally contracted with shrinking capsules, mixed thrombi, hemorrhage, and anemic infarction. Moreover, COVID-19 spleens showed a prominent absence of lymphoid follicles as compared to control spleens from patients with abdominal trauma necessitating splenectomy [95] ; further highlighting the deteriorating effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the spleen. Elsoukkary.…”

Section: Pathophysiology For Lymphopenia In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 90%

The contributory role of lymphocyte subsets, pathophysiology of lymphopenia and its implication as prognostic and therapeutic opportunity in COVID-19

Delshad

Tavakolinia

Pourbagheri‐Sigaroodi

et al. 2021

International Immunopharmacology

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Section: Pathophysiology For Lymphopenia In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 90%

The contributory role of lymphocyte subsets, pathophysiology of lymphopenia and its implication as prognostic and therapeutic opportunity in COVID-19

Delshad

Tavakolinia

Pourbagheri‐Sigaroodi

et al. 2021

International Immunopharmacology

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“…Moreover, in several cases, spleens showed atrophic white pulp and relatively enlarged red pulp ( Figure 3 A). Finally, some of the COVID-19 spleens had a reduced number of CD20-positive B lymphocytes (100%) compared to controls [ 40 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autopsy Tool in Unknown Diseases: The Experience with Coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2)

2021

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In the last two decades, three unknown pathogens have caused outbreaks, generating severe global health concerns. In 2003, after nucleic acid genotyping, a new virus was named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). After nine years, another coronavirus emerged in the middle east and was named MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome—Coronavirus). Finally, in December 2019, a new unknown coronavirus was isolated from a cluster of patients and was named SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019). This review aims to propose a complete overview of autopsy in the three coronaviruses over the past two decades, showing its pivotal role in the management of unknown diseases. A total of 116 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria: 14 studies were collected concerning SARS-CoV (87 autopsy reports, from Asian and American countries), 2 studies for MERS-CoV (2 autopsy reports, from Middle-East Asian countries), and 100 studies on SARS-CoV-2 (930 autopsy reports). Analyzing the data obtained on COVID-19, based on the country criterion, a large number of post-mortem investigation were performed in European countries (580 reports), followed by American countries (251 reports). It is interesting to note that no data were found from the Oceanic countries, maybe because of the minor involvement of the outbreak. In all cases, autopsy provided much information about each unknown coronavirus. Despite advanced technologies in the diagnostic fields, to date, autopsy remains the gold standard method to understand the biological features and the pathogenesis of unknown infections, especially when awareness of a pathogen is restricted and the impact on the healthcare system is substantial. The knowledge gained through this technique may positively influence therapeutic strategies, ultimately reducing mortality.

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“…In terms of lymphoid organ involvement, T-cell depletion occurred in the spleen [ 169 ]. Necrosis or atrophy in the lymphoid tissue of lymph nodes and white pulp of the spleen are commonly observed extrapulmonary pathologies [ 170 ].…”

Section: Histopathology and Pathogenesis Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons learned 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 emergence leading to COVID-19 pandemic

Sridhar

Chiu

et al. 2021

Emerging Microbes & Infections

257

189

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Without modern medical management and vaccines, the severity of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) might approach the magnitude of 1894-plague (12 million deaths) and 1918-A(H1N1) influenza (50 million deaths) pandemics. The COVID-19 pandemic was heralded by the 2003 SARS epidemic which led to the discovery of human and civet SARS-CoV-1, bat SARS-related-CoVs, Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS)-related bat CoV HKU4 and HKU5, and other novel animal coronaviruses. The suspected animal-to-human jumping of 4 betacoronaviruses including the human coronaviruses OC43(1890), SARS-CoV-1(2003), MERS-CoV(2012), and SARS-CoV-2(2019) indicates their significant pandemic potential. The presence of a large reservoir of coronaviruses in bats and other wild mammals, culture of mixing and selling them in urban markets with suboptimal hygiene, habit of eating exotic mammals in highly populated areas, and the rapid and frequent air traffic from these areas are perfect ingredients for brewing rapidly exploding epidemics. The possibility of emergence of a hypothetical SARS-CoV-3 or other novel viruses from animals or laboratories, and therefore needs for global preparedness should not be ignored. We reviewed representative publications on the epidemiology, virology, clinical manifestations, pathology, laboratory diagnostics, treatment, vaccination and infection control of COVID-19 as of 20 January 2021, which is one year after person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was announced. The difficulties of mass testing, labour-intensive contact tracing, importance of compliance to universal masking, low efficacy of antiviral treatment for severe disease, possibilities of vaccine or antiviral-resistant virus variants and SARS-CoV-2 becoming another common cold coronavirus are discussed. The chronology of the pandemic An outbreak of acute community-acquired atypical pneumonia of unknown aetiology was reported in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province in central China, in December 2019. The initial cluster of cases was related to the Huanan seafood wholesale market where wild game animals were also sold (1). During subsequent investigation, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was detected in 33 out of 585 environmental samples taken from the market (2). However, 45% of the cases with onset before 1 January 2020 had no apparent link to this market (3). Retrospective molecular clock inference studies using phylogenetic analysis suggested that the earliest cases likely emerged between October and November 2019 (4, 5). The culprit virus was identified using next-generation sequencing on bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of three Wuhan patients (6). The complete genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 clustered in a distinct clade from SARS-CoV within the genus Sarbecovirus. The draft genome sequence was released on 10 Jan 2020, 10 days after the outbreak was announced. As an escalating number of local cases was reported in Wuhan, a f...

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Pathological changes in the lungs and lymphatic organs of 12 COVID-19 autopsy cases

Cited by 59 publications

References 26 publications

The contributory role of lymphocyte subsets, pathophysiology of lymphopenia and its implication as prognostic and therapeutic opportunity in COVID-19

The contributory role of lymphocyte subsets, pathophysiology of lymphopenia and its implication as prognostic and therapeutic opportunity in COVID-19

Autopsy Tool in Unknown Diseases: The Experience with Coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2)

Lessons learned 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 emergence leading to COVID-19 pandemic

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