Pathological bradyarrhythmia in horses

Keen, John

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105463

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In horses, a complete AV block is uncommon and has been associated with inflammatory or degenerative diseases of the myocardial conducting tissues [ 10 , 15 ]. Pibarot et al [ 5 ] reported a complete AV block in an 8-month-old female Jerusalem donkey, which started to have syncopal episodes at the age of 5 months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cardiac pacing is an effective therapy for various arrhythmias in humans and a therapeutic implantation of a cardiac pacemaker has also been described in a horse [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ] and a donkey [ 5 , 6 ]. Indications for pacemaker implantation are symptomatic bradycardic arrhythmias such as third-degree AV block, high-grade second-degree AV block, sick sinus syndrome or persistent atrial standstill [ 1 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Transvenous pacemaker implantation is a relatively safe and simple procedure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single-Chamber Cardiac Pacemaker Implantation in a Donkey with Complete AV Block: A Long-Term Follow-Up

Sedlinská

Kabeš

Novák

et al. 2021

Animals

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A five-month-old African jenny was presented with a history of exercise intolerance and syncopal episodes. Severe bradycardic arrhythmia due to a high-grade second-degree atrioventricular (AV) block with progression to complete AV block was diagnosed. The jenny underwent a transvenous single-chamber pacemaker implantation. The implantation procedure was performed in a lateral recumbency and the ventricular lead was inserted through the jugular vein. Positioning of the lead was guided by echocardiography. The pacemaker was programmed to VVI mode with a minimal ventricular rate of 40 pulses per minute, a pulse amplitude of 2.4 V, a pulse width of 0.5 ms and sensing amplitude of 2.5 mV. Short-term complications associated with the procedure included lead dislodgement and pacemaker pocket infection. The long-term outcome was satisfactory; the jenny showed improvement in heart function and quality of life after pacemaker implantation. The pulse generator replacement was performed twice (at nine-year intervals) and the intervention was always associated with a local inflammatory reaction around the pacing device. Cardiac examination 18 years after pacemaker implantation revealed no morphological changes in the heart; the electrode lead was still in the correct position and successful pacing and sensing of the ventricle were obtained. Regular follow-up checks are important to evaluate pacemaker function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Chamber Cardiac Pacemaker Implantation in a Donkey with Complete AV Block: A Long-Term Follow-Up

Sedlinská

Kabeš

Novák

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…The arrhythmia detected in this case was a rather unusual consequence of cardiac involvement with myocardial inflammation and necrosis (Conze et al., 2022). Third‐degree AV block in itself can cause lethargy, syncope and episodic collapse (Keen, 2020). Similarly, any primary cardiac disease with decreased cardiac output may result in various unspecific clinical signs such as depression, lethargy, poor performance, exercise intolerance, weakness or ataxia (Keen, 2019).…”

Section: Cardiac or Systemic Underlying Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac arrhythmias as a potential sign of systemic disease: Which laboratory tests are useful?

Decloedt

2021

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…Most clinical cases covering the AV nodal function report third-degree AV block as a result of severe systemic disease or local damage of the AV node [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ], but little is known about the etiology of second-degree AV blocks. Only a few studies of pronounced second-degree AV blocks have reported associations to inflammation or degenerative changes of the AV node [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. The potential pathological impact of second-degree AV block is most likely unnoticed, as only a few studies have investigated this matter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cartilaginous Intrusion of the Atrioventricular Node in a Quarter Horse with a High Burden of Second-Degree AV Block and Collapse: A Case Report

Nissen

Saljic

Kjeldsen

et al. 2022

Animals

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Second-degree atrioventricular (AV) block is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in horses, affecting 40–90% depending on breed. Usually, the AV blocks occur while the horses are resting and disappear upon exercise and are, therefore, considered to be uneventful for horses. However, if the AV blocks occur frequently, this may result in syncope and collapse. Identifying the cause of second-degree AV block is difficult and often subscribed to high vagal tone. In this report, we present an eight-year-old Quarter horse with a high burden of second-degree AV blocks and multiple collapses. The clinical examination, including neurological examination, blood analysis, 24-h ECG recording and cardiac echocardiography, did not reveal any signs of general or cardiovascular disease besides a high burden of second-degree AV blocks (~300 blocks per hour) and a hyperechoic area in the AV nodal region. An implantable loop recorder (ILR) was inserted to monitor the cardiac rhythm. The ILR detected several consecutive second-degree AV blocks and pauses above 5 s. However, unfortunately, no recordings were available during the collapses. Eventually, the horse was euthanized and the heart inspected. The aortic root was severely cartilaginous and appeared to penetrate the AV node, especially in the His bundle region, possibly explaining the hampered AV conduction. Nevertheless, it is still uncertain if the AV nodal disruption caused the collapses and more knowledge on AV nodal diseases in horses is warranted.

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Pathological bradyarrhythmia in horses

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Single-Chamber Cardiac Pacemaker Implantation in a Donkey with Complete AV Block: A Long-Term Follow-Up

Single-Chamber Cardiac Pacemaker Implantation in a Donkey with Complete AV Block: A Long-Term Follow-Up

Cardiac arrhythmias as a potential sign of systemic disease: Which laboratory tests are useful?

Cartilaginous Intrusion of the Atrioventricular Node in a Quarter Horse with a High Burden of Second-Degree AV Block and Collapse: A Case Report

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