Pathological and molecular diagnosis of canine babesiosis in Nigeria: A case report

Prevalence of canine babesiosis and their risk factors among asymptomatic dogs in the federal capital territory, Abuja, Nigeria

“…The disease is characterised by fever, splenomegaly, inappetence, weakness, lethargy, generalised lymphadenopathy, anaemia, haemoglobinuria and collapse associated with intra-and extravascular haemolysis, hypoxic injury, systemic inflammation, thrombocytopenia, and pigmenturia ( Irwin, 2009 ). At the advance stage, abnormalities in multiple internal organs such as the lungs, kidneys, pancreases, and heart, have been reported ( Abalaka et al, 2018 ).…”

“…The Babesia canis is morphologically characterised as large (2.5–5.0-μm) and B. gibsoni as small (1.0-to-2.5-μm) ( Zygner et al, 2014 ). The B. canis has three sub-species ( Torti et al, 2014 ), considered to be morphologically identical ( Solano-Gallego et al, 2016 ), but recent molecular studies have shown differences in the severity of their clinical manifestations, tick vectors, genetic characteristics, and geographic distributions ( Abalaka et al, 2018 ; Ajoke et al, 2019 ). The B. canis canis are transmitted by Dermacentor reticulatus in Europe ( Barker et al, 2012 ), B. canis vogeli are transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus in tropical and sub-tropical regions ( Lavan et al, 2018 ), and B. canis rossi are transmitted by Haemaphysalis leachi in South Africa ( Bashir et al, 2009 ).…”

“…The B. canis canis are transmitted by Dermacentor reticulatus in Europe ( Barker et al, 2012 ), B. canis vogeli are transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus in tropical and sub-tropical regions ( Lavan et al, 2018 ), and B. canis rossi are transmitted by Haemaphysalis leachi in South Africa ( Bashir et al, 2009 ). The B. canis rossi causes a frequently fatal infection in domestic dogs, even after treatment; B. canis vogeli gives a moderate and often clinically in-apparent infection although reports about its potential fatality are recently accumulating ( Abalaka et al, 2018 ; Ajoke et al, 2019 ). The B. canis canis infections result in a more variable pathogenicity intermediate between B. canis rossi and B. canis vogeli ( Uilenberg, 2006 ).…”

Babesia spp. en derrame peritoneal canino

“…Alterações em enzimas hepáticas, como fosfatase alcalina (FA), ALT e AST são indicativos de hepatopatia concomitante, que, geralmente, manifesta-se com a presença de intensa icterícia (Ghosh et al, 2020). A icterícia observada pode ser devido à anemia hemolítica, geralmente associada à babesiose canina, que no presente caso era de natureza normocítica e normocrômica, acompanhada de leucocitose por neutrofilia, corroborando com relatos da literatura (Abalaka et al, 2018). Ainda há muito o que se descobrir sobre a babesiose canina, principalmente no que diz respeito à patogênese da doença, para facilitar o desenvolvimento de estratégias melhoradas de prevenção, tratamento (Petra et al, 2018) e determinação prognóstica (Solano-Gallego et al, 2016).…”