Pathological and Biochemical Features of Legionella Pneumophila Infection in Guinea-pigs

Hambleton, Peter; Baskerville, A.; Fitzgeorge, R. B.; Bailey, N. E.

doi:10.1099/00222615-15-3-317

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…The reason for this difference between experimental findings and the natural disease may be that the animals we used were young and healthy, whereas many of the human patients were compromised by intercurrent disease or immunosuppression. Serum biochemical changes have been shown to take place in acute LD in guinea pigs infected intraperitoneally (Hambleton et al, 1982), and some of these, such as increases in transaminase and dehydrogenase levels and decreases in sodium and other electrolyte concentrations, have also been recorded in patients with LD Keys). It has been suggested that the systemic effects in human LD may be due to toxins such as endotoxin, haemolysin and cytotoxins which are known to be produced by the bacteria (Friedman, 1978;Baine et al, 1979;Gregory et al, 1979;Friedman, Iglewski and Miller, 1980;Fumarola, Monno and Monno, 1980;Blackmon et al, 198 l), but conclusive evidence of this has not been presented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathology of experimental Legionnaires' disease in guinea pigs, rhesus monkeys and marmosets

Baskerville

Fitzgeorge

Broster³

et al. 1983

The Journal of Pathology

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Guinea pigs, rhesus monkeys and marmosets were infected with L. pneumophila in small particle aerosols. Fever and acute fibrinopurulent pneumonia resulted. The lesions involved distal lung tissue only, spreading from terminal and respiratory bronchioles and producing heavy infiltration of alveoli by polymorphs and macrophages and widespread exudation of oedema fluid and fibrin. Lesions were not found in extra-pulmonary sites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathology of experimental Legionnaires' disease in guinea pigs, rhesus monkeys and marmosets

Baskerville

Fitzgeorge

Broster³

et al. 1983

The Journal of Pathology

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“…This indicates that L. pneu- mophila causes the degradation of tissue barriers, possibly by destructive enzymes present on the surface or in the secretome of the bacterium (in the soluble fraction or in association with outer membrane vesicles) (23). This abolition of alveolar integrity, which could additionally be caused by the induction of tissuedestructive host molecules, likely contributes to the dissemination of L. pneumophila to neighboring alveoli and other organs (2,3). Interestingly, the tissue destruction in wild-type-infected HLTEs was markedly stronger than that in HLTEs infected with the DotA-negative strain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…L. pneumophila is present mainly in alveoli and tends to cluster inside macrophages. In late infection stages, bacteria disseminate to the patient's spleen, kidneys, bone marrow, and lymph nodes (1)(2)(3)(4).…”

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Human Lung Tissue Explants Reveal Novel Interactions during Legionella pneumophila Infections

et al. 2014

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Histopathologically, Legionnaires' disease, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Legionella pneumophila, is an acute fibrinopurulent pneumonia. Since the first documented outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in 1976, several autopsy series have been published (1). Samples from patients who died from L. pneumophila pneumonia exhibit a massive infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages into the alveoli and destruction of alveolar septa. Moreover, the alveolar epithelium shows sloughs, and inflammatory cells exhibit intense necrosis. L. pneumophila is present mainly in alveoli and tends to cluster inside macrophages. In late infection stages, bacteria disseminate to the patient's spleen, kidneys, bone marrow, and lymph nodes (1-4).Different models have been established to analyze specific aspects of infection. Besides human monocellular systems such as macrophages and epithelial cells, protozoa such as Acanthamoeba castellanii, Hartmannella vermiformis, and Dictyostelium discoideum were used to study the cellular and molecular pathogenicity of L. pneumophila (5-9). These studies revealed that L. pneumophila primarily enters phagocytes and resides within a unique membrane-bound compartment termed the Legionellacontaining vacuole (LCV). The establishment of this replication niche requires the translocation of about 300 effector proteins into the host cell via a functional Dot/Icm type IV secretion (10-12). Studying transcriptional responses of L. pneumophila-infected macrophages and D. discoideum vegetative cells also shed light on the cellular mechanisms of Legionnaires' disease (13-16). Moreover, proteomic approaches were shown to be powerful tools to characterize both sides of the host-pathogen interaction (17)(18)(19). Mammalian models such as guinea pigs, mice, rhesus monkeys, and marmosets were used to address immunological, pathological, and pharmacological questions (20)(21)(22). Despite providing enormous progress in the knowledge about mechanisms of L. pneumophila infections, each of the current infection models has intrinsic limitations. Cell culture assays lack the complex interaction networks between the specialized cell types and extracellular components in the human lung. Guinea pig infections require intraperitoneal or intratracheal inoculation techniques, and owing to a different genetic and immunological background, the adequacy and transferability to humans can be questioned.Given the different model-immanent limitations, numerous intra-and extracellular interactions of L. pneumophila factors with human lung tissue structures remain unknown. For example, early infection events appear to be underexplored, since histopathology studies were performed postmortem. Even conspicuous subcellular structures, such as the abundant outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) shed by L. pneumophila, have not yet been investigated in human lung tissue. OMVs contain large amounts of degradative enzymes and other virulence-related proteins, which

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Infection of Human Lung Tissue Explants (HLTEs) with Legionella pneumophila

Scheithauer

Steinert

2019

Methods in Molecular Biology

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Pathological and Biochemical Features of Legionella Pneumophila Infection in Guinea-pigs

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Histopathology of experimental Legionnaires' disease in guinea pigs, rhesus monkeys and marmosets

Histopathology of experimental Legionnaires' disease in guinea pigs, rhesus monkeys and marmosets

Human Lung Tissue Explants Reveal Novel Interactions during Legionella pneumophila Infections

Infection of Human Lung Tissue Explants (HLTEs) with Legionella pneumophila

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