Pathological Alterations in Embryos of the Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Induced by Methyl Bromide

Cheetham, Tom

doi:10.1093/aesa/83.1.59

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…After exposure to a biocide, organisms usually do not die instantaneously, but accumulate physiological damage from the toxin over time (Boczek et al 1975, Yokoyama et al 1988, Cheetham 1990). This causes ATP production rates to gradually decline below degradation rates, so ATP eventually becomes nondetectable (Winteringham et al 1958, Forney et al 1991.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of a Quick Easily Used Biochemical Assay for Evaluating the Viability of Small Immobile Arthropods

et al. 2013

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Quickly, accurately, and easily assessing the efficacy of treatments to control sessile arthropods (e.g., scale insects) and stationary immature life stages (e.g., eggs and pupae) is problematic because it is difficult to tell whether treated organisms are alive or dead. Current approaches usually involve either maintaining organisms in the laboratory to observe them for development, gauging their response to physical stimulation, or assessing morphological characters such as turgidity and color. These can be slow, technically difficult, or subjective, and the validity of methods other than laboratory rearing has seldom been tested. Here, we describe development and validation of a quick easily used biochemical colorimetric assay for measuring the viability of arthropods that is sufficiently sensitive to test even very small organisms such as white fly eggs. The assay was adapted from a technique for staining the enzyme hexokinase to signal the presence of adenosine triphosphate in viable specimens by reducing a tetrazolium salt to formazan. Basic laboratory facilities and skills are required for production of the stain, but no specialist equipment, expertise, or facilities are needed for its use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of a Quick Easily Used Biochemical Assay for Evaluating the Viability of Small Immobile Arthropods

et al. 2013

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“…Postharvest fumigants are generally categorized into two groups, those that are delivered in a form that must "react" with biomolecules and/or matter to elicit toxicity, or those that are a "non-reactive", being delivered as the toxicant. With respect to "reactive" fumigants, methyl bromide and propylene oxide alkylate nitrogen-and sulfur-containing biomolecules [8,9], sulfuryl fluoride must be hydrolyzed to yield fluoride ions that inhibit glycolysis [10][11][12], and ethyl formate also must be hydrolyzed to yield formate, which is a cytochrome C oxidase inhibitor [13][14][15][16]. Methyl bromide, Metho-O-Gas 100 ® , is registered in the U.S. to treat a variety of nonfood products, including logs and lumber, forest and plant products, and miscellaneous cargo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Egg Morphology and Chorionic Ultrastructure of Spotted Lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae)

Powell,

Nixon,

Lourie

et al. 2023

Forests

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Knowledge regarding egg morphology can aid the selection of postharvest fumigants for insect control. Accordingly, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine eggs of spotted lanternfly (SLF), Lycorma delicatula (White) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), a pest recently invasive to the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. As the overwintering life stage of SLF, eggs are deposited on a variety of refugia, including many forestry products that can be distributed geographically via travel, commerce, and/or trade. For fumigation to control SLF, and potentially translate into a viable strategy for limiting the spread of SLF by subject pathways, the fumigant must permeate the chorion to react with biomolecules and/or disrupt cellular processes. SLF chorion was characterized by a porous network of aeropyles localized around the operculum, in cranial and caudal relation to the developing nymph, as well as an interstice between the operculum edge and the opercular rim. The confirmation of chorionic ultrastructure that allows for ready gas exchange warrants further investigation of fumigation efficacy, even for those “non-reactive” fumigants, such as phosphine and hydrogen cyanide, which must overcome the suppression of cellular processes coincident with overwintering.

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“…Postharvest fumigants are generally categorized into two groups, those that are delivered in a form that must "react" with biomolecules and/or matter to elicit toxicity, or those that are a "nonreactive", being delivered as the toxicant. With respect to "reactive" fumigants, methyl bromide and propylene oxide alkylate nitrogen-and sulfur-containing biomolecules [8][9] , sulfuryl fluoride must be hydrolyzed to yield fluoride ions that inhibit glycolysis [10][11][12] , and ethyl formate also must be hydrolyzed to yield formate, which is a cytochrome C oxidase inhibitor [13][14][15][16] . Methyl bromide, Metho-O-Gas 100 ® , is registered in the U.S. to treat a variety of non-food products, including logs and lumber, forest and plant products, and miscellaneous cargo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Egg Morphology and Chorionic Ultrastructure of Spotted Lanternfly, <em>Lycorma delicatula</em> (White) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Powell,

Nixon,

Lourie

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Knowledge regarding egg morphology can aid the selection of postharvest fumigants for insect control. Accordingly, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine eggs of spotted lanternfly (SLF), Lycorma delicatula (White) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), a pest recently invasive to the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. As the overwintering life stage of SLF, eggs are deposited on a variety of refugia, including many forestry products that can be distributed geographically via travel, commerce, and/or trade. For fumigation to control SLF, and potentially translate into a viable strategy for limiting the spread of SLF by subject pathways, the fumigant must permeate the chorion to react with biomolecules and/or disrupt cellular processes. SLF chorion was characterized by a porous network of aeropyles localized around the operculum, in cranial and caudal relation to the developing nymph, as well as an interstice between the operculum edge and the opercular rim. The confirmation of chorionic ultrastructure that allows for ready gas exchange warrants further investigation of fumigation efficacy, even for those “non-reactive” fumigants, such as phosphine and hydrogen cyanide, which must overcome the suppression of cellular processes coincident with overwintering.

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Pathological Alterations in Embryos of the Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Induced by Methyl Bromide

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Development and Validation of a Quick Easily Used Biochemical Assay for Evaluating the Viability of Small Immobile Arthropods

Development and Validation of a Quick Easily Used Biochemical Assay for Evaluating the Viability of Small Immobile Arthropods

Egg Morphology and Chorionic Ultrastructure of Spotted Lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae)

Egg Morphology and Chorionic Ultrastructure of Spotted Lanternfly, <em>Lycorma delicatula</em> (White) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

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