Pathogens in urban wastewaters suitable for reuse

Winward, Gideon P.; Avery, Lisa M.; Stephenson, Tom; Jeffrey, Paul; Corre, K. S. Le; Fewtrell, Lorna; Jefferson, Bruce

doi:10.1080/15730620802673087

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The low microbiological levels of grey waters (which include human surface microbes carried away when washing) confirm this assessment (Winward et al . ). Moreover, among the gut sections, the colon, with an estimated concentration exceeding 10 11 bacteria per ml and an average volume of 400 ml, is by far the main contributor to the human microbiota (Sender et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pathogens, faecal indicators and human-specific microbial source-tracking markers in sewage

et al. 2019

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Summary The objective of this review is to assess the current state of knowledge of pathogens, general faecal indicators and human‐specific microbial source tracking markers in sewage. Most of the microbes present in sewage are from the microbiota of the human gut, including pathogens. Bacteria and viruses are the most abundant groups of microbes in the human gut microbiota. Most reports on this topic show that raw sewage microbiological profiles reflect the human gut microbiota. Human and animal faeces share many commensal microbes as well as pathogens. Faecal‐orally transmitted pathogens constitute a serious public health problem that can be minimized through sanitation. Assessing both the sanitation processes and the contribution of sewage to the faecal contamination of water bodies requires knowledge of the content of pathogens in sewage, microbes indicating general faecal contamination and microbes that are only present in human faecal remains, which are known as the human‐specific microbial source‐tracking (MST) markers. Detection of pathogens would be the ideal option for managing sanitation and determining the microbiological quality of waters contaminated by sewage; but at present, this is neither practical nor feasible in routine testing. Traditionally, faecal indicator bacteria have been used as surrogate indicators of general faecal residues. However, in many water management circumstances, it becomes necessary to detect both the origin of faecal contamination, for which MST is paramount, and live micro‐organisms, for which molecular methods are not suitable. The presence and concentrations of pathogens, general faecal indicators and human‐specific MST markers most frequently reported in different areas of the world are summarized in this review.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pathogens, faecal indicators and human-specific microbial source-tracking markers in sewage

et al. 2019

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“…wastewater from toilets) (Kujawa‐Roeleveld and Zeeman ; Winward et al . ). On‐site collection, treatment, and reuse of source‐separated GW also may enhance water system sustainability by facilitating energy and nutrient recovery from concentrated faecal and urine streams (Otterpohl ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, acceptance of GW reuse has been hindered due to concern over the detection of human pathogens in previous GW investigations (Birks and Hills ; Winward et al . , ; O'Toole et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the relative importance of human- and infrastructure-associated bacteria in grey water: a case study

et al. 2015

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“…Zakres ChZT oraz stężenie BZT 5 oscylują w podobnych granicach mieszczących się w przedziale 5÷1460 mg/dm 3 . Zawartość azotu ogólnego mieszcząca się w granicach 40÷74 mg/dm 3 oraz fosforu ogólnego w zakresie 12÷74 mg/dm 3 świadczy o tym, że ścieki te podatne są na rozkład biologiczny [14]. Powszechnie uważa się, że mycie surowych artykułów spożywczych jest źródłem obecności mikroorganizmów, przez co wzrasta poziom ich skażenia bakteriologicznego [15].…”

Section: Charakterystyka Jakościowa Szarych śCiekówunclassified

Prospects and Potential Risks of Gray Water Reuse

Grzelak

Fijałkiewicz-Kozieł

2017

Eng. Prot. Environ.

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The present article is aimed to find out more about advantages and disadvantages of the gray waste water management. Grey water has been used in other countries for a long time. In Poland is still a novel method of recycling. Due to the many advantages, mainly linked to the environment protection, but also economic, social, technical or town-planning constraints, it can become an alternative solution in public buildings and, traditional Polish houses. Gray water system usually requires a larger financial contribution, due to the need for building a double installation comparing to the traditional installation of waste water management. The examples of other countries like Germany or France show that benefits from having this system compensate money invested. On the basis of literature the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of grey waste water was presented. A case study of Hotel Gołębiewski in Karpacz is described as a first example of use a gray water system. The entire hotel complex uses gray water to wash and toilet flush in hotel rooms. The owners of Gołębiewski complex have already introduced many proecological initiatives in area of water management and conservation.Keywords: grey water, recycling, grey water system Wstęp Woda jest istotnym elementem, warunkującym życie i rozwój organizmów żywych, w tym człowieka [1]. Już w przeszłości egzystencja ludzi była uzależniona od dostępności wody, a wraz z rozwojem cywilizacji uznano, że zasoby wody są nieskończone i powszechne [2]. W dobie, kiedy zasoby wody na Ziemi się kurczą, szuka się sposobu, aby efektywnie zminimalizować jej zużycie, ograniczając pobór wody pitnej do celów, które nie potrzebują tak wysokiej jakości. W związku z tym opracowano kilka metod, które pomagają człowiekowi zrealizować to założenie. Możemy zaliczyć do nich między innymi ograniczenie zużycia wody wodociągowej poprzez instalacje tak zwanych perlatorów na bateriach czerpalnych, czyli urządzeń, które zmniejszają wypływ wody z wylewki, co pozwala na zmniejszenie zużycia bieżącej wody nawet o ok. 15% [2].Innym przykładem technologii, która pomaga oszczędzać zasoby wody, są budynki autonomiczne zaprojektowane w taki sposób, aby mogły funkcjonować

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Pathogens in urban wastewaters suitable for reuse

Cited by 11 publications

References 74 publications

Pathogens, faecal indicators and human-specific microbial source-tracking markers in sewage

Pathogens, faecal indicators and human-specific microbial source-tracking markers in sewage

Characterization of the relative importance of human- and infrastructure-associated bacteria in grey water: a case study

Prospects and Potential Risks of Gray Water Reuse

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