Pathogenicity of the Hyphomycete Fungi Verticillium lecanii and Metarhizium anisopliae to the Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis

Vestergaard, Susanne; Gillespie, A. T.; Butt, Tariq M.; Schreiter, G.; Eilenberg, Jørgen

doi:10.1080/09583159550039909

Cited by 134 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In all cases, the cumulative mortality remained stable from the 15th day after inoculation, which implied that the parasitic relationship of these strains with C. nucum larvae was unstable. In some previous studies, M. anisopliae has been found to attach to and germinate on the host cuticle within a few hours after inoculation [21,22]. However, our SEM results indicated that M. anisopliae var.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Evaluation of Pathogenicity of the Fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana in Hazelnut Weevil (Curculio nucum L., Coleoptera, Curculionidae) Larvae

et al. 2016

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The nut weevil (Curculio nucum) is one of the most important and widespread pests in hazelnut orchards. In order to screen entomopathogenic fungal strains with high virulence against C. nucum, the growth rate, sporulation, and cumulative mortality of different Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana strains were investigated, and the process by which M. anisopliae CoM 02 infects C. nucum larvae was observed using scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the growth rate and sporulation of different fungal strains significantly differed. Thirteen days after inoculation with M. anisopliae CoM 02, the cumulative mortality of C. nucum larvae reached 100 %, which was considerably higher than that of the other five strains. As the most virulent of the six test strains, the cadaver rate, LT 50 , and LT 90 of M. anisopliae CoM 02 were 93.4 %, 7.05 and 11.90 days, respectively. Analysis of the infection process by scanning electron microscopy showed that the spore attachment, hyphal germination, hyphal rapid growth, and sporulation of M. anisopliae CoM 02 occurred on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 11th day after inoculation, respectively, indicating that the infection cycle takes approximately 11 days. This finding suggests that the highly virulent M. anisopliae plays an important role in the biocontrol of C. nucum in China.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Evaluation of Pathogenicity of the Fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana in Hazelnut Weevil (Curculio nucum L., Coleoptera, Curculionidae) Larvae

et al. 2016

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“…However, some differences between the doses are to be expected. Parasite virulence is dependent upon the density of parasites infecting a host in Metarhizium (Milner and Prior 1994;Vestergaard et al 1995;Hughes et al 2002), as well as in many other parasites (Anderson and May 1982;Ebert et al 2000). The outcome of the parasite virulence versus host resistance interaction will therefore depend upon the density of the parasite to which the host is exposed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity and Disease Resistance in Leaf-Cutting Ant Societies

Hughes

Boomsma

2004

Evol

112

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Abstract.•Multiple mating by females (polyandry) remains hard to explain because, while it has substantial costs, clear benefits have remained elusive. The problem is acute in the social insects because polyandry is probably particularly costly for females and most material benefits of the behavior are unlikely to apply. It has been suggested that a fitness benefit may arise from the more genetically diverse worker force that a polyandrous queen will produce. One leading hypothesis is that the increased genetic diversity of workers will improve a colony's resistance to disease. We investigated this hypothesis using a polyandrous leaf-cutting ant and a virulent fungal parasite as our model system. At high doses of the parasite most patrilines within colonies were similarly susceptible, but a few showed greater resistance. At a low dose of the parasite there was more variation between patrilines in their resistance to the parasite. Such genetic variation is a key prerequisite for polyandry to result in increased disease resistance of colonies. The relatedness of two hosts did not appear to affect the transmission of the parasite between them, but this was most likely because the parasite tested was a virulent generalist that is adapted to transmit between distantly related hosts. The resistance to the parasite was compared between small groups of ants of either high or low genetic diversity. No difference was found at high doses of the parasite, but a significant improvement in resistance in high genetic diversity groups was found at a low dose of the parasite. That there is genetic variation for disease resistance means that there is the potential for polyandry to produce more disease-resistant colonies. That this genetic variation can improve the resistance of groups even under the limited conditions tested suggests that polyandry may indeed produce colonies with improved resistance to disease.

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“…Pathogen-induced mortality is typically a sigmoidal function that connects a baseline value for no pathogen exposure with doses inflicting maximal mortality, as determined in several laboratory-based studies (Hughes et al, 2004;Milutinović et al, 2013;Vestergaard et al, 1995). In principle, our model can capture any form of dose-dependent mortality by assigning a killing rate σ x to every exposure class x.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal disease dynamics in insect societies: Optimal killing rates and the ambivalent effect of high social interaction rates

Novak

Cremer

2015

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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Pathogenicity of the Hyphomycete Fungi Verticillium lecanii and Metarhizium anisopliae to the Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis

Cited by 134 publications

References 4 publications

Evaluation of Pathogenicity of the Fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana in Hazelnut Weevil (Curculio nucum L., Coleoptera, Curculionidae) Larvae

Evaluation of Pathogenicity of the Fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana in Hazelnut Weevil (Curculio nucum L., Coleoptera, Curculionidae) Larvae

Genetic Diversity and Disease Resistance in Leaf-Cutting Ant Societies

Fungal disease dynamics in insect societies: Optimal killing rates and the ambivalent effect of high social interaction rates

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