Pathogenicity of selected Toxoplasma gondii isolates in young pigs

Jungersen, Gregers; Jensen, Lotte; Riber, Ulla; Heegaard, Peter M. H.; Petersen, Eskild; Poulsen, J. S. D.; Bille‐Hansen, Vivi; Lind, Peter

doi:10.1016/s0020-7519(99)00078-8

Cited by 44 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Thus, in accordance with our results, Hp was shown to respond rapidly and with protracted response kinetics. This was also seen in other studies covering a sufficient time-period (Jungersen et al, 1999;Asai et al, 1999;Magnusson et al, 1999;Enemark et al, 2003;Jacobson et al, 2004). Also in agreement with the present study, Heegaard et al (1998) found the CRP response to be very fast, and slightly less protracted than the response of Hp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The APP response has been studied during a number of other experimental infections in the pig, but except for one study (Heegaard et al, 1998), only Hp (Hall et al, 1992;Francisco et al, 1996;Jungersen et al, 1999;Magnusson et al, 1999;Knura-Deszczka et al, 2002) or Hp and one additional positive acute phase protein (Asai et al, 1999;Enemark et al, 2003;Jacobson et al, 2004) were measured. In the study by Heegaard et al (1998), the APP response of Hp, CRP, pig-MAP and SAA to experimental infection with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A.p.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The porcine acute phase protein response to acute clinical and subclinical experimental infection with Streptococcus suis

Sørensen

Tegtmeier

Andresen

et al. 2006

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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The pig acute phase protein (APP) response to experimental Streptococcus suis (S. suis) infection was mapped by the measurement of the positive APPs C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp) and major acute phase protein (pig-MAP) and the negative APPs albumin and apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I. The aim was to elucidate the differences in the acute phase behaviour of the individual APPs during a typical bacterial septicaemic infection. Pigs were inoculated subcutaneously with live S. suis serotype 2 and blood was sampled before and on various days post inoculation (p.i.), until the pigs were killed and autopsied on day 14 p.i. Clinical signs (fever and lameness) were observed in four of the five inoculated pigs from day 2 p.i., and these pigs also had arthritic lesions at autopsy. CRP and SAA showed fast increases in serum concentrations, CRP being elevated from days 1 to 12 p.i. and peaking at 10 times the day 0-levels on day 1 p.i. SAA rose quickly to peak levels of 30-40 times the day 0-level on days 1-2 and returned to pre-inoculation level on day 5 p.i. Hp and pig-MAP showed slightly slower responses, both peaking around 5 days p.i. Hp was increased throughout the experiment with maximum levels around 10 times the day 0-levels, and pig-MAP was elevated on days 1-12 p.i. with peak levels of around seven times the day 0-levels. Apo A-I was decreased from days 1 to 8 and showed minimum levels of about 40% of day 0-levels around 1-2 days p.i. No clear pattern of changes in albumin levels could be identified. One pig, showing clinical signs on day 2 only, also showed an APP response, although of a relatively short duration, whereas three pigs presenting clinical signs for several days had a more protracted acute phase response. Remarkably, the one pig showing no clinical signs and no arthritic lesions showed an APP response comparable to that of the other, clinically affected pigs. Thus, both acute clinical and subclinical S. suis infection could be revealed by the measurement of one or more of the APPs CRP, SAA, Hp, pig-MAP and Apo A-I. of two or three APPs, including proteins with slow and fast kinetics, should be used to achieve the highest sensitivity for the detection of ongoing S. suis infection during a prolonged time period. A diagnostic tool based on such APP-measurements could considerably improve strategic control procedures for this important infection. #

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The porcine acute phase protein response to acute clinical and subclinical experimental infection with Streptococcus suis

Sørensen

Tegtmeier

Andresen

et al. 2006

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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“…The mean IgG antibodies of the T. gondiiinfected animals was consistently higher when compared with that of the Neospora-infected group since days 14 until 77 pi The specific antibody profile of animals infected with the T. gondii RH strain was higher and persisted for longer compared to that from previous studies of pregnant cattle inoculated with nonvirulent strains of T. gondii (Beverley and Henry 1977;Munday 1978;Stalheim et al 1980;Gautam et al 1982;Dubey 1983Dubey , 1986. The difference could, therefore, be related to the strain used, since the more virulent strains of T. gondii can induce higher antibody responses than less virulent strains (Lind et al 1997;Jungersen et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Transplacental transmission in cattle: is Toxoplasma gondii less potent than Neospora caninum?

et al. 2011

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We compared the transplacental-transmission ability of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in cattle. One uninfected pregnant heifer served as control, while three were inoculated with N. caninum K9WA strain and four with T. gondii RH strain at their midgestational period. Both infected groups showed clinical signs and antibodies either to N. caninum or T. gondii, while the control animal was normal. Two (50%) Toxoplasma dams aborted on days 6 and 11 postinoculation. T. gondii tachyzoites were found in various organs of those dams that had abortions but not in their fetuses. Two Neospora dams did not abort but gave birth to subclinically infected calves. The remaining two Toxoplasma dams and one from Neospora group became recumbent. Those two dams and their fetuses showed disseminated Toxoplasma DNA, but no Neospora DNA was found. Our findings suggest that maternal toxoplasmosis could be a cause of abortion and congenital toxoplasmosis in cattle, especially when they are infected by virulent strains.

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“…This increase is thought to be associated with pathogen induced infection. In adults, infections of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus [1], Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae [9], Mycoplasma hyorhinis [28] and Toxoplasma gondii [13] significantly elevate Hp concentrations, but depend on the pathogen. For example, the Hp levels may increase by up to 15-fold when animal is infected with Streptococcus suis [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pigs with lameness, tail biting, or diarrhea exhibit high levels of Hp [33]. Natural infection of pigs with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRS) [1] or with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae [9], Mycoplasma hyorhinis [28] or Toxoplasma gondii [13] results in significant elevation of their Hp levels. The protein level has therefore been used to identify both clinical and subclinical diseases [10,11] as well as to monitor health status in pig production [33].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Levels of Haptoglobin and Putative Amino Acid Sequence in Taiwanese Lanyu Miniature Pigs

Yueh

Wang

Lin

et al. 2008

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Porcine haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute phase protein. Its plasma level increases significantly during inflammation and infection. One of the main functions of Hp is to bind free hemoglobin (Hb) and inhibit its oxidative activity. In the present report, we studied the Hp phenotype of Taiwanese Lanyu miniature pigs (TLY minipigs; n=43) and found their Hp structure to be a homodimer (β-α-α-β) similar to human Hp 1-1. Interestingly, Western blot and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis showed that 25% of the TLY minipigs possessed low or no plasma Hp level (<0.05 mg/ml). The Hp cDNA of these TLY minipigs was then cloned, and the translated amino acid sequence was analyzed. No sequences were found to be deficient; they showed a 99.7% identity with domestic pigs (NP_999165). The mean overall Hp level of the TLY minipigs (0.21 ± 0.25 mg/ml; n=43) determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was markedly lower than that of domestic pigs (0.78 ± 0.45 mg/ml; p<0.001), while 25% of the TLY minipigs had an Hp level that was extremely low (<0.05 mg/ml). In addition, the initial recovery rate (first 40 min) in the circulation of infused fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Hb was significantly higher in the TLY minipigs with extremely low Hp levels than those with high levels. This data suggests that the low concentration of Hp-Hb complex is responsible for the higher recovery rate of Hb in the circulation. TLY minipigs have been used as an experimental model for cardiovascular diseases; whether they can be used as a model for inflammatory diseases, with Hp as a marker, remains a topic of interest. However, since the Hp level varies significantly among individual TLY minipigs, it is necessary to prescreen the Hp levels of the animals to minimize variation in the experimental baseline. The present study may provide a reference value for future use of the TLY minipig as an animal model for inflammation-associated diseases. KEY WORDS: amino acid sequence, evolution, haptoglobin concentration, hemoglobin, Lanyu minipig.

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Pathogenicity of selected Toxoplasma gondii isolates in young pigs

Cited by 44 publications

References 27 publications

The porcine acute phase protein response to acute clinical and subclinical experimental infection with Streptococcus suis

The porcine acute phase protein response to acute clinical and subclinical experimental infection with Streptococcus suis

Transplacental transmission in cattle: is Toxoplasma gondii less potent than Neospora caninum?

Low Levels of Haptoglobin and Putative Amino Acid Sequence in Taiwanese Lanyu Miniature Pigs

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