Pathogenicity of morbilliviruses for terrestrial carnivores

Appel, M. J. G.; Summers, B. A.

doi:10.1016/0378-1135(95)00011-x

Cited by 195 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Considering the normally secretive nature of bobcats and lynx, animals with encephalitis may be more likely detected than those with pneumonia because of their altered behavior. Dogs can develop a form of canine distemper that is chiefly or strictly confined to the central nervous system (CNS) (Coffin and Liu, 1957;Appel, 1969). This form typically occurs at least a month after initial infection, when lesions outside the CNS have disappeared and the virus has been cleared from most tissues other than the CNS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These four lynx had been found alive but very thin and abnormally docile and were captured and held in captivity for several months prior to their release back into the wild. A serum neutralization (SN) test for antibodies against the Onderstepoort strain of CDV adapted to Vero cells (considered positive at dilutions of 1:32 and above) was performed on these samples (Appel and Robson, 1973).…”

Section: Serologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canine Distemper Virus–associated Encephalitis in Free-Living Lynx (Lynx Canadensis) and Bobcats (Lynx Rufus) of Eastern Canada

Daoust

McBurney

Godson

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Between 1993 and 1999, encephalitis caused by morbillivirus was diagnosed by immunohistochemistry and histology in six lynx (Lynx canadensis) and one bobcat (Lynx rufus) in the eastern Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Five of the six cases in lynx occurred within an 11-mo period in 1996-97. A second bobcat with encephalitis caused by unidentified protozoa and a nematode larva also had immunohistochemical evidence of neurologic infection by morbillivirus. The virus was identified as canine distemper virus (CDV) by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing in four of five animals from which frozen tissue samples were available, and it was isolated in cell culture from one of them. To our knowledge, this is the first report of disease caused by CDV in free-living felids in North America.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Serologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Distemper Virus–associated Encephalitis in Free-Living Lynx (Lynx Canadensis) and Bobcats (Lynx Rufus) of Eastern Canada

Daoust

McBurney

Godson

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…CD has been known for centuries world wide and has been the infectious disease of dogs with the highest fatality rate only second to rabies. The disease is caused by the canine distemper virus (CDV) which belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family and to the morbillivirus genus, together with measles virus (MV), rinderpest, peste de petite ruminant, phocine distemper, dolphin and porpoise morbilliviruses (Appel and Summers, 1995). CD is an infectious disease of the Carnivora (Krakowka et al, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CDV affects animals of all ages, but puppies are more susceptible when maternal antibodies are lost (Appel and Summers, 1995). Virulence is another parameter that may affect the severity, extent or type of clinical disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric analysis of the thymus of puppies infected with the Snyder Hill Strain of canine distemper virus

Alves¹,

Vasconcelos²,

Martins³

et al. 2006

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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The thymic morphometry analysis was used for determining apoptosis and atrophy of the thymus of eight puppies inoculated with canine distemper virus (CDV). Three healthy dogs were used as negative controls. Sections, 5µm thick, were stained by HE and Shorr, and the latter were evaluated by morphometry. CDV nucleoprotein was detected by immunohistochemistry. Morphometric results confirmed lymphoid hypotrophy in CDV inoculated dog thymuses, more stroma, less parenchyma and higher apoptotic index/field than negative control (not inoculated) puppies. Apoptosis plays a role in the mechanism of thymus atrophy that develops in canine distemper.

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“…Sinais clínicos graves, muitas vezes incompatíveis com a vida do animal, podem ser determinados por diferentes etiologias. O vírus da cinomose canina (canine distemper virus -CDV) é um importante patógeno que determina altas taxas de mortalidade, com letalidade inferior apenas à raiva canina (Shell, 1990;Tipold, 1995;Appel, Summers, 1995;Stettler, Zubriggen, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Lesões histológicas no sistema nervoso central de cães com encefalite e diagnóstico molecular da infecção pelo vírus da cinomose canina

Gebara

Wosiacki

Negrão

et al. 2004

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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Lesões histológicas no sistema nervoso central de cães com encefalite e diagnóstico molecular da infecção pelo vírus da cinomose canina [Histopathological lesions RESUMODez amostras de urina de cães que apresentavam sinais clínicos sistêmicos e neurológicos indicativos da infecção pelo vírus da cinomose canina (CDV) foram analisadas pela técnica da reação em cadeia pela polimerase precedida de transcrição reversa (RT-PCR) para a detecção do RNA do CDV. O exame histopatológico foi realizado em fragmentos de cérebro, cerebelo e bexiga. Como controle negativo foram colhidos fragmentos de órgãos e urina de quatro cães sem sinais clínicos de doença infecciosa e que morreram por outras causas. Todos os cães (9/10) positivos em RT-PCR apresentaram alterações histológicas no cérebro e cerebelo, características de encefalite aguda (5/9) ou crônica (4/9) compatíveis com as causadas pelo CDV. Um dos cães com alterações clínicas neurológicas semelhantes às observadas em cinomose foi negativo na RT-PCR e apresentou alterações histopatológicas inespecíficas. Nas amostras de bexiga não foram observadas lesões histológicas. Todas as amostras biológicas provenientes dos cães-controle foram negativas na RT-PCR (urina) e não apresentaram alterações histológicas (fragmentos de órgãos). O trabalho evidenciou a especificidade da RT-PCR no diagnóstico precoce e ante mortem na infecção pelo CDV.Palavras-chave: cão, cinomose canina, vírus da cinomose canina, RT-PCR, histopatologia ABSTRACT The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect canine distemper virus (CDV) RNA in 10 urine samples from dogs that had died with clinical systemic and neurological signs indicative of CDV infection. Brain, cerebellum and urinary bladder fragments were collected for histopathological examination. For the negative control, urine and organ fragments were collected at necropsy from four dogs without clinical symptoms of infectious diseases that had died from other causes. The dogs positives in

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Pathogenicity of morbilliviruses for terrestrial carnivores

Cited by 195 publications

References 12 publications

Canine Distemper Virus–associated Encephalitis in Free-Living Lynx (Lynx Canadensis) and Bobcats (Lynx Rufus) of Eastern Canada

Canine Distemper Virus–associated Encephalitis in Free-Living Lynx (Lynx Canadensis) and Bobcats (Lynx Rufus) of Eastern Canada

Morphometric analysis of the thymus of puppies infected with the Snyder Hill Strain of canine distemper virus

Lesões histológicas no sistema nervoso central de cães com encefalite e diagnóstico molecular da infecção pelo vírus da cinomose canina

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