Pathogenicity of Phytopythium chamaehyphon: A New Player in Kiwifruit Vine Decline Syndrome of Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa ‘Hayward’ in Italy

Savian, Francesco; Prencipe, Simona; Filippini, Noemi; Nari, L.; Martini, Marta; Ermacora, P.; Spadaro, D.

doi:10.1094/pdis-01-21-0143-sc

Cited by 10 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…and Desarmillaria tabescens were frequently isolated from affected plants [9,[11][12][13]. Pathogenicity on kiwifruit cuttings has been demonstrated for some isolates: Phytophthora cryptogea, Phytophthora citrophthora, Phytopythium vexans and Phytopythium chamaehyphon [7,14]. Only a few bacterial strains, belonging to Clostridium spp., have been identified as having a role in KVDS [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Different Actinidia Genotypes as Resistant Rootstocks for Preventing Kiwifruit Vine Decline Syndrome

et al. 2022

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Kiwifruit Vine Decline Syndrome (KVDS) is currently affecting Italian kiwifruit cultivation, causing dramatic yield and economic losses. The syndrome’s aetiology is due to soil-borne pathogens and waterlogging, leading to the decay of roots and then the canopy. Current knowledge about the disease is limited, and the techniques to control the syndrome are ineffective. The use of tolerant rootstocks is one of the most promising tools. Six genotypes of Actinidia were tested for two years at four infected experimental sites in Friuli Venezia Giulia (NE Italy). Plant evaluation and analysis were carried out on the root system and the vegetative parts. At all experimental sites, three genotypes, all belonging to the A. macrosperma group, grew normally. In contrast, plants of A. polygama died earlier and those of A. chinensis var. deliciosa ‘Hayward’ declined during the first year. A. arguta ‘Miss Green’ survived the first year but started to decline during the second year. After two years of study, we were able to identify three putative resistant genotypes: A. macrosperma accession numbers 176 and 183, and ‘Bounty71’, which will be a useful resource as rootstocks or as parents for breeding owing to their potential genetic resistance traits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Different Actinidia Genotypes as Resistant Rootstocks for Preventing Kiwifruit Vine Decline Syndrome

et al. 2022

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“…In Italy, inoculation of P. vexans isolates combined with waterlogging was performed in greenhouse trials by Prencipe et al (2020) to confirm pathogenicity. Similarly, P. chamaehyphon pathogenicity was confirmed by Savian et al (2021) on kiwifruit. In addition, oomycetes were isolated from KVDS-symptomatic plants in the northwestern area of Italy in 2016, 2017, and 2019 ( Prencipe et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Soil, rhizosphere, and root microbiome in kiwifruit vine decline, an emerging multifactorial disease

Guaschino,

Garello,

Nari

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Kiwifruit vine decline syndrome (KVDS) is characterized by severe root system impairment, which leads to irreversible wilting of the canopy. Plants usually collapse rapidly from the appearance of the first aboveground symptoms, without recovery even in the following seasons. The syndrome has been negatively impacting kiwifruit yield in different areas of Italy, the main producing European country, since its first outbreak in 2012. To date, a unique, common causal factor has yet to be found, and the syndrome is referred to as multifactorial. In this article, we investigated the whole biotic community (fungi, bacteria, and oomycetes) associated with the development of KVDS in three different belowground matrices/compartments (soil, rhizosphere, and root). Sampling was performed at both healthy and affected sites located in the main kiwifruit-producing area of Northwestern Italy. To address the multifactorial nature of the syndrome and to investigate the potential roles of abiotic factors in shaping these communities, a physicochemical analysis of soils was also performed. This study investigates the associations among taxonomic groups composing the microbiome and also between biotic and abiotic factors. Dysbiosis was considered as a driving event in shaping KVDS microbial communities. The results obtained from this study highlight the role of the oomycete genus Phytopythium, which resulted predominantly in the oomycete community composition of diseased matrices, though it was also present in healthy ones. Both bacterial and fungal communities resulted in a high richness of genera and were highly correlated to the sampling site and matrix, underlining the importance of multiple location sampling both geographically and spatially. The rhizosphere community associated with KVDS was driven by a dysbiotic process. In addition, analysis of the association network in the diseased rhizosphere revealed the presence of potential cross-kingdom competition for plant-derived carbon between saprobes, oomycetes, and bacteria.

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“…Furthermore, Phytopythium spp. were isolated from symptomatic kiwifruits plants in several investigations [ 5 , 10 , 11 , 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, P. vexans and P. chamaehyphon resulted pathogenic on 1-year-old or 6-month-old Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa ‘Hayward’ plants [ 10 , 17 ]. Furthermore, the symptoms reproduction was also demonstrated for Desarmillaria tabescens and one isolate of Phytopythium spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different pathogens have been associated with KVDS. Among fungal species isolated from symptomatic tissues, the pathogenicity on kiwifruits plants was demonstrated for Phytophthora cryptogea , P. citrophthora , Phytopythium vexans , P. chamaehyphon , and Desarmillaria tabescens [ 5 , 10 , 11 , 17 ]. Among bacteria, the genus Clostridium was associated with the disease [ 18 ] even though Donati et al [ 11 ] did not isolate bacterial pathogens neither from affected KVDS orchards nor from healthy ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Phytopythium Species Involved in the Establishment and Development of Kiwifruit Vine Decline Syndrome

et al. 2023

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Since 2012, the kiwifruit vine decline syndrome (KVDS) has progressively compromised Italian kiwifruit orchards. Different abiotic and biotic factors have been associated with the establishment and development of KVDS. During monitoring of orchards affected by KVDS in north-western Italy during 2016–2019, 71 Phytopythium spp. were isolated. Based on maximum likelihood concatenated phylogeny on the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of the rDNA, large subunit rDNA, and cytochrome oxidase I, isolates were identified as P. vexans (52), P. littorale (10), P. chamaehyphon (7) and P. helicoides (2). Phytopythium litorale and P. helicoides are reported for the first time as agents of KVDS in Italy. To demonstrate pathogenicity and fulfil Koch’s postulates, representative isolates of P. vexans, P. littorale, P. chamaehyphon and P. helicoides were inoculated in potted plants. In these trials, waterlogging was applied to stress plant with a temporary anoxia and to favour the production of infective zoospores by the oomycetes. In experiments in vitro, the four species showed the highest growth at 25–30 °C, depending on the media used. P. helicoides was able to grow also at 40 °C. The four species were able to grow in vitro at a pH ranging from 5.0 to 8.0, showing that pH had less effect on growth than temperature. The present study suggests a strong role of different species of Phytopythium in the establishment and development of KVDS. Phytopythium spp. could be favoured by the average increase in soil temperatures during summer, associated with global warming.

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Pathogenicity of Phytopythium chamaehyphon: A New Player in Kiwifruit Vine Decline Syndrome of Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa ‘Hayward’ in Italy

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Potential of Different Actinidia Genotypes as Resistant Rootstocks for Preventing Kiwifruit Vine Decline Syndrome

Potential of Different Actinidia Genotypes as Resistant Rootstocks for Preventing Kiwifruit Vine Decline Syndrome

Soil, rhizosphere, and root microbiome in kiwifruit vine decline, an emerging multifactorial disease

Characterization of Phytopythium Species Involved in the Establishment and Development of Kiwifruit Vine Decline Syndrome

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