Pathogenicity of<i>Phyllosticta citricarpa</i>Ascospores on<i>Citrus</i>spp.

Tran, Nga T.; Miles, A. K.; Smith, Malcolm W.; Dietzgen, Ralf G.; Drenth, A.

doi:10.1094/pdis-08-17-1331-re

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The strip method was fast to implement (100 fruit per hour, with two field operators) and resulted in typical expression of CBS symptoms, from a controlled inoculum dose at a known location on the fruit surface. Also worthy of note is the recent demonstration of equivalent pathogenicity of P. citricarpa conidia and ascospores (Tran et al, 2018), which supports the use of our simple conidia-based inoculation method.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…It has also been reported that P. citricarpa can be isolated from asymptomatic fruit of the 'Tahiti' lime, and the term 'insensitive' was proposed to describe resistant hosts that can also be a source of inoculum (Baldassari et al, 2008), but in our study, we did not recover P. citricarpa from the inoculated 'Tahiti' lime tissue. The recent demonstration of reproducible foliar symptom development in 'Troyer' citrange (C. sinensis • P. trifoliata) (Tran et al, 2018) may provide new opportunities for further studying the susceptibility of leaves and fruit. In the short term, it is likely that breeding efforts will need to characterize accessions in terms of both fruit and leaf reaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pycnidia form conidia, which are water dispersed and abundantly produced in vitro (Kiely, 1948;Sp osito et al, 2008). Aerial dispersal occurs via sexually derived ascospores released from pseudothecia formed in leaf litter but are more challenging to produce in vitro in large quantities (Kiely, 1948;Tran et al, 2017Tran et al, , 2018Wang et al, 2016). Fruit are most susceptible to infection up to 16 to 28 weeks after flowering, when the fungus colonizes the rind and remains latent as a knot of mycelium beneath the cuticle (Baldassari et al, 2006;Brentu et al, 2012;Kotz e, 1981;Lanza et al, 2018;McOnie, 1967).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Identification of Resistance to Citrus Black Spot Using a Novel In-field Inoculation Assay

Miles¹,

Smith²,

Tran³

et al. 2019

horts

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Citrus black spot is an important fungal disease of citrus resulting in fruit drop and rind blemish in tropical and subtropical production areas. The disease is incited by the fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa (McAlpine) van der Aa (synonym: Guignardia citricarpa Kiely), with control currently relying on the application of fungicides. Because the presence and expression of resistance is poorly understood, we sought to develop a method for inoculating fruit in the field that gives reproducible symptoms of citrus black spot consistent with natural field infection. We subsequently validated this method by screening 49 citrus accessions and characterized their qualitative expression of citrus black spot symptoms. Challenge inoculations were undertaken with a known isolate of P. citricarpa, and control fruit were inoculated with water or the endophyte P. paracapitalensis Guarnaccia & Crous. Our results showed that all mandarin, sweet orange, lemon and papeda types were susceptible; pummelo, lime, and sour orange types expressed immunity; while various hybrids were susceptible, resistant and immune. Hybrid progeny from crosses using pummelo [Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.] as a parent showed preliminary evidence of segregation for citrus black spot immunity. The implications of these results to achieve genetic improvement for citrus black spot resistance in citrus breeding programs are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of Resistance to Citrus Black Spot Using a Novel In-field Inoculation Assay

Miles¹,

Smith²,

Tran³

et al. 2019

horts

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“…CMRP4330, D. cerradensis CMRP4331, and P. stromaticum CMRP4328 showed low values of MIC (10 μg/mL) capable of inhibiting the germination of P. citricarpa conidia. According to Sposito et al (2011) and Tran et al (2018) , conidia are important sources of inoculum of P. citricarpa and play an important role in increasing the prevalence and spread of CBS disease. Therefore, these four extracts may be explored as an alternative option for CBS control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytes of Brazilian Medicinal Plants With Activity Against Phytopathogens

et al. 2021

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Plant diseases caused by phytopathogens are responsible for significant crop losses worldwide. Resistance induction and biological control have been exploited in agriculture due to their enormous potential. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial potential of endophytic fungi of leaves and petioles of medicinal plants Vochysia divergens and Stryphnodendron adstringens located in two regions of high diversity in Brazil, Pantanal, and Cerrado, respectively. We recovered 1,304 fungal isolates and based on the characteristics of the culture, were assigned to 159 phenotypes. One isolate was selected as representative of each phenotype and studied for antimicrobial activity against phytopathogens. Isolates with better biological activities were identified based on DNA sequences and phylogenetic analyzes. Among the 159 representative isolates, extracts from 12 endophytes that inhibited the mycelial growth (IG) of Colletotrichum abscissum (≥40%) were selected to expand the antimicrobial analysis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracts were determined against citrus pathogens, C. abscissum, Phyllosticta citricarpa and Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri and the maize pathogen Fusarium graminearum. The highest activity against C. abscissum were from extracts of Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum CMRP4328 (IG: 83% and MIC: 40 μg/mL) and Diaporthe vochysiae CMRP4322 (IG: 75% and MIC: 1 μg/mL), both extracts also inhibited the development of post-bloom fruit drop symptoms in citrus flowers. The extracts were promising in inhibiting the mycelial growth of P. citricarpa and reducing the production of pycnidia in citrus leaves. Among the isolates that showed activity, the genus Diaporthe was the most common, including the new species D. cerradensis described in this study. In addition, high performance liquid chromatography, UV detection, and mass spectrometry and thin layer chromatography analyzes of extracts produced by endophytes that showed high activity, indicated D. vochysiae CMRP4322 and P. stromaticum CMRP4328 as promising strains that produce new bioactive natural products. We report here the capacity of endophytic fungi of medicinal plants to produce secondary metabolites with biological activities against phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. The description of the new species D. cerradensis, reinforces the ability of medicinal plants found in Brazil to host a diverse group of fungi with biotechnological potential.

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“…Tran et al . () also tested the pathogenicity of P . citricarpa ascospores, obtaining typical CBS symptoms on Troyer citrange leaves and Murcott tangor fruit with ascospores produced in vitro from characterized P .…”

Section: Sexual Reproduction and Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phyllosticta citricarpa and sister species of global importance to Citrus

Guarnaccia

Gehrmann

Silva

et al. 2019

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Summary Several Phyllosticta species are known as pathogens of Citrus spp., and are responsible for various disease symptoms including leaf and fruit spots. One of the most important species is P. citricarpa, which causes a foliar and fruit disease called citrus black spot. The Phyllosticta species occurring on citrus can most effectively be distinguished from P. citricarpa by means of multilocus DNA sequence data. Recent studies also demonstrated P. citricarpa to be heterothallic, and reported successful mating in the laboratory. Since the domestication of citrus, different clones of P. citricarpa have escaped Asia to other continents via trade routes, with obvious disease management consequences. This pathogen profile represents a comprehensive literature review of this pathogen and allied taxa associated with citrus, focusing on identification, distribution, genomics, epidemiology and disease management. This review also considers the knowledge emerging from seven genomes of Phyllosticta spp., demonstrating unknown aspects of these species, including their mating behaviour. Taxonomy Phyllosticta citricarpa (McAlpine) Aa, 1973. Kingdom Fungi, Phylum Ascomycota, Class Dothideomycetes, Order Botryosphaeriales, Family Phyllostictaceae, Genus Phyllosticta, Species citricarpa. Host range Confirmed on more than 12 Citrus species, Phyllosticta citricarpa has only been found on plant species in the Rutaceae. Disease symptoms P. citricarpa causes diverse symptoms such as hard spot, virulent spot, false melanose and freckle spot on fruit, and necrotic lesions on leaves and twigs. Useful websites DOE Joint Genome Institute MycoCosm portals for the Phyllosticta capitalensis (https://genome.jgi.doe.gov/Phycap1), P. citriasiana (https://genome.jgi.doe.gov/Phycit1), P. citribraziliensis (https://genome.jgi.doe.gov/Phcit1), P. citrichinaensis (https://genome.jgi.doe.gov/Phcitr1), P. citricarpa (https://genome.jgi.doe.gov/Phycitr1, https://genome.jgi.doe.gov/Phycpc1), P. paracitricarpa (https://genome.jgi.doe.gov/Phy27169) genomes. All available Phyllosticta genomes on MycoCosm can be viewed at https://genome.jgi.doe.gov/Phyllosticta.

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Pathogenicity ofPhyllosticta citricarpaAscospores onCitrusspp.

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Identification of Resistance to Citrus Black Spot Using a Novel In-field Inoculation Assay

Identification of Resistance to Citrus Black Spot Using a Novel In-field Inoculation Assay

Endophytes of Brazilian Medicinal Plants With Activity Against Phytopathogens

Phyllosticta citricarpa and sister species of global importance to Citrus

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