Pathogenicity Determinants in the Complex Virus Population of a<i>Plum pox virus</i>Isolate

Sáenz, Pilar; Quiot, Laurence; Quiot, J. B.; Candresse, Thierry; Garcı́a, Juan Antonio

doi:10.1094/mpmi.2001.14.3.278

Cited by 54 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…It was shown that HC-Pro is sufficient to induce this enhancement of PVX pathogenicity (47). The same enhancement effect was demonstrated for PPV HCPro when it was expressed from sequences cloned in the PVX genome in N. clevelandii and N. benthamiana, two systemic hosts for PPV (56) (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Virus progeny derived from pGPPV (strain D) (53) was used for most of the experiments. PPV-SwC (strain C) (16) and different variants of the PPV-PS isolate (strain M) (56) were also used to assess the susceptibility to PPV infection of Nicotiana tabacum. Tobacco etch virus (TEV) and the Fny strain of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were provided by E. Rodriguez-Cerezo, (Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain) and F. García-Arenal (Universidad Politécnica, Madrid, Spain), respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crude sap from N. clevelandii plants infected with PPV (1 g in 2 ml of 5 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.2) or N. tabacum plants infected with CMV or TEV (1 g in 4 ml of 5 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.2) was used as the source of inoculum for these viruses. For PVX and PVX/PPV recombinant viruses, plants were infected either with transcripts obtained from SpeI-linearized plasmids, as previously described (56), or, in coinoculation experiments, with extracts of transcript-infected plants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host-Specific Involvement of the HC Protein in the Long-Distance Movement of Potyviruses

Sáenz

Salvador

Simón‐Mateo

et al. 2002

J Virol

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Plum pox virus (PPV) is a member of the Potyvirus genus that, in nature, infects trees of the Prunus genus.Although PPV infects systemically several species of the Nicotiana genus, such as N. clevelandii and N. benthamiana, and replicates in the inoculated leaves of N. tabacum, it is unable to infect systemically the last host. The long-distance movement defect of PPV was corrected in transgenic tobacco plants expressing the 5-terminal region of the genome of tobacco etch virus (TEV), a potyvirus that infects systemically tobacco. The fact that PPV was unable to move to upper noninoculated leaves in tobacco plants transformed with the same TEV transgene, but with a mutation in the HC protein (HC-Pro)-coding sequences, identifies the multifunctional HC-Pro as the complementing factor, and strongly suggests that a defect in an HC-Pro activity is responsible for the long-distance movement defect of PPV in tobacco. Whereas PPV HC-Pro strongly intensifies the symptoms caused by potato virus X (PVX) in the PPV systemic hosts N. clevelandii and N. benthamiana, it has no apparent effect on PVX pathogenicity in tobacco, supporting the hypothesis that long-distance movement and pathogenicity enhancement are related activities of the potyviral HC proteins. The movement defect of PPV in tobacco could also be complemented by cucumber mosaic virus in a mixed infection, demonstrating that at least some components of the long-distance machinery of the potyviruses are not strictly virus specific. A general conclusion of this work is that the HC-Pro might be a relevant factor for controlling the host range of the potyviruses.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host-Specific Involvement of the HC Protein in the Long-Distance Movement of Potyviruses

Sáenz

Salvador

Simón‐Mateo

et al. 2002

J Virol

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“…Two other ZYMV mutations also reduce symptoms, one occurring near the FRNK box, F 205 L, and the other near the C terminus, Q 396 D (36). A mutation in Plum pox potyvirus (PPV) in the HC-Pro central region can affect symptom severity without affecting virus accumulation (K 107 Q or S 231 G) (52). Loss of both Potato virus X/potyviral synergism and suppression of gene silencing were associated with the mutation L 134 H in PPV (21), and a loss of suppression together with loss of synergism (with a comovirus) was also found in Soybean mosaic virus (K 142 I) and TEV (K 144 I) mutants which are relatively conserved (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mutation of the FRNK box to FINK (R 180 I) causes a drastic reduction in symptom severity of the leaves of various cucurbit species without noticeably affecting virus accumulation or infectivity, and this mutation has been exploited for use in cross-protection (19). Other mutations in the central region of different potyviruses which are not located in the FRNK box also cause attenuation of symptoms without affecting virus accumulation (52).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Conserved FRNK Box in HC-Pro, a Plant Viral Suppressor of Gene Silencing, Is Required for Small RNA Binding and Mediates Symptom Development

Shiboleth¹,

Haronsky²,

Leibman³

et al. 2007

J Virol

187

148

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RNA Silencing and its Suppressors in the Plant‐virus Interplay

Vallí

López‐Moya

Garcı́a

2009

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that need to evade the host defences targeted against them. In plants, activation of ribonucleic acid (RNA) silencing is among the most powerful responses against viruses. To overcome this defence, both deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and RNA plant viruses make use of viral products able to interfere with silencing mechanisms, and known collectively as RNA silencing suppressors (RSSs). RSSs present an extraordinary diversity in modes of action, and therefore, their study is providing valuable information about the different silencing pathways in plants. This article reviews our knowledge on RSSs, including the experimental systems used to identify them, and the mechanisms by which they act. Finally, the additional effects that they cause in the network of silencing pathways, and hence the need of a tight control of their activity, are also considered. Key concepts: Argonaute: Family of proteins that contain certain conserved domains, such as PIWI domain (found in Piwi, or P‐element‐induced wimpy testis in Drosophila , and related proteins) and PAZ domain (found in Piwi, Argonaute and Zwille proteins). Proteins of this family are the main components of RNA silencing effector complexes. Dicer: Ribonuclease belonging to the RNase III family. Dicer‐like enzymes cleave hairpin or double‐strand RNA molecules into short RNA duplexes of 20–24 nucleotides with a 2‐nucleotides overhang at the 3′ ends, which are key components of the RNA silencing pathways. microRNA (miRNA): Endogenous single‐strand RNA of 20–21 nucleotides, which derives from a hairpin precursor. miRNAs are incorporated into RISC, guiding it, by base complementary, to silence endogenous mRNAs. RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP, RDR): Enzyme able to synthesize RNA using RNA as template. These enzymes are involved in amplification steps of RNA silencing. RNA‐induced silencing complex (RISC): Multicomponent complex including an Argonaute protein and a short RNA. RISC can silence mRNAs by endonucleolytic cleavage, decay acceleration and translation inhibition. RNA‐induced transcriptional silencing complex (RITS): Multicomponent complex including an Argonaute protein and a short RNA that silence gene expression by inhibiting or downregulating the transcription activity. RNA silencing: General term used to describe different events triggered by small RNAs to induce transcriptional or posttranscriptional gene downregulation in a sequence‐homology manner. RNA silencing suppressor (RSS): Factor (usually a protein) with the capacity to interfere with the onset of RNA silencing or with its maintenance. The expression of viral RSSs is the most common strategy that plant viruses use to escape from RNA silencing. Short interfering RNA (siRNA): Small RNA of 20–24 nucleotides derived from Dicer‐mediated cleavage of a double‐stranded RNA precursor. One of the strands of the siRNA is incorporated in RISC or RITS to guide their RNA silencing effector activities.

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Pathogenicity Determinants in the Complex Virus Population of aPlum pox virusIsolate

Cited by 54 publications

References 41 publications

Host-Specific Involvement of the HC Protein in the Long-Distance Movement of Potyviruses

Host-Specific Involvement of the HC Protein in the Long-Distance Movement of Potyviruses

The Conserved FRNK Box in HC-Pro, a Plant Viral Suppressor of Gene Silencing, Is Required for Small RNA Binding and Mediates Symptom Development

RNA Silencing and its Suppressors in the Plant‐virus Interplay

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