Pathogenicity and Transmission of Chytridiomycosis in Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum)

Davidson, Elizabeth W.; Parris, Matthew J.; Collins, James P.; Longcore, Joyce E.; Pessier, Allan P.; Brunner, Jesse L.

doi:10.1643/cp-02-120r1

Cited by 120 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…(Davidson et al, 2003;Annis et al, 2004;Ouellet et al, 2005). In this study, we identified two species of plethodontid salamander and one anuran species that were positive by PCR for B. dendrobatidis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Experimental Infection of Native North Carolina Salamanders With Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis

Chinnadurai

Cooper

Dombrowski

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Most available information on chytridiomycosis involves its role in the global decline of frog species. Although a few reports of infection in salamanders exist (Davidson et al, 2003;Pasmans et al, 2004), the susceptibility of North American salamanders is currently undefined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Infection of Native North Carolina Salamanders With Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis

Chinnadurai

Cooper

Dombrowski

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…We build on existing reports of Bd thallus ultrastructure (Berger et al 1998, Davidson et al 2003, Ouellet et al 2005, Simoncelli et al. 2005, Une et al 2008) by providing TEM micrographs of Bd in bullfrogs and wood frogs and, to our knowledge, the first account of the host invasion process in any host species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We build on existing reports of Bd thallus ultrastructure (Berger et al 1998, Davidson et al 2003, Ouellet et al 2005, Simoncelli et al 2005, Une et al 2008) by providing TEM micrographs of Bd in bullfrogs and wood frogs and, to our knowledge, the first account of the host invasion process in any host species. Host invasion by Bd parallels that in other exogenous chytrid fungi and ap pears morphologically similar in experimentally infected bullfrogs and wood frogs, species that display disparate levels of mortality risk for chytridiomycosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our finding that disruption of the epidermal cell maturation cycle was mild and localized in bullfrogs, a low-mortality-risk species for chytridiomycosis, and more severe in wood frogs, a high-mortalityrisk species for chy tri diomycosis (at least at some life stages under laboratory conditions), supports previous work (Daszak et al 2004, Berger et al 2005). Abnormal molting is a clinical sign of chytridiomycosis that could be beneficial, by ridding animals of infected skin layers (Davidson et al 2003, Berger et al 2004), or detrimental, by impeding water and electrolyte transport (Voy les et al 2011). Bullfrogs may slough rapidly during experimental inoculations with Bd (Greenspan et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host invasion by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis: fungal and epidermal ultrastructure in model anurans

Greenspan¹,

Longcore²,

Calhoun³

2012

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The chytridiomycete fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) colonizes mouthparts of amphibian larvae and superficial epidermis of post-metamorphic amphibians, causing the disease chytridiomycosis. Fungal growth within host cells has been documented by light and transmission electron microscopy; however, entry of the fungus into host cells has not. Our objective was to document how Bd enters host cells in the wood frog Lithobates sylvaticus, a species at high mortality risk for chytridiomycosis, and the bullfrog L. catesbeianus, a species at low mortality risk for chytridiomycosis. We inoculated frogs and documented infection with transmission electron microscopy. Zoospores encysted on the skin surface and produced morphologically similar germination tubes in both host species that penetrated host cell membranes and enabled transfer of zoospore contents into host cells. Documenting fungal and epidermal ultrastructure during host invasion furthers our understanding of Bd development and the pathogenesis of chytridiomycosis. KEY WORDS: Chytridiomycosis · Morphology · Transmission electron microscopy · Lithobates catesbeianus · Lithobates sylvaticus Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 100: [201][202][203][204][205][206][207][208][209][210] 2012 scopically, excessive skin sloughing, lethargy, anorexia, loss of righting reflex, and abnormal posture may be observed (Nichols et al. 2001, Daszak et al. 2004) but often not until immediately before death (Bradley et al. 2002, Parker et al. 2002. Proximate cause of death is inhibition of electrolyte transport across epidermis and subsequent disruption of cardiac electrical activity (Voyles et al. 2009).The asexual life cycle of Bd consists of a motile zoospore stage and a stationary thallus stage (Berger et al. 2005). Zoospores are flagellated and are not bounded by a cell wall. After a motile period, usually lasting ≤24 h, a zoospore encysts (i.e. attaches to a substrate, retracts the flagellum, and forms a wall of chitin around the spore body). Morphology after encystment depends on substrate type. On nutrient media, an encysted zoospore develops into a single or colonial (internally divided) zoosporangium (endogenous growth); root-like rhizoids originating from 1 or more points on the zoosporangium may be numerous . In an amphibian host, cellular contents of a superficially encysted zoospore leave the cyst and enter a host cell (exogenous growth), inside which a single or colonial zoosporangium develops; rhizoids are usually less abundant than on nutrient media (Berger et al. 2005). The specifics of amphibian host invasion by Bd (i.e. the morphological process by which zoospore contents are transferred from a cyst into a host cell) have not been reported. In other chytrid species with known developmental morphologies (saprophytes and patho gens of plants, algae, protists, and invertebrates), endobiotic (i.e. intracellular) growth of a thallus is initiated when a protrusion of the zoospore cyst wall e...

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Empirical evidence for effects of invasive American Bullfrogs on occurrence of native amphibians and emerging pathogens

Hossack

Oja

Owens

et al. 2023

Ecological Applications

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Pathogenicity and Transmission of Chytridiomycosis in Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum)

Cited by 120 publications

References 11 publications

Experimental Infection of Native North Carolina Salamanders With Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis

Experimental Infection of Native North Carolina Salamanders With Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis

Host invasion by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis: fungal and epidermal ultrastructure in model anurans

Empirical evidence for effects of invasive American Bullfrogs on occurrence of native amphibians and emerging pathogens

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