Pathogenicity and Metabolites of Purpureocillium lavendulum YMF1.00683 against Meloidogyne incognita

Abstract

Purpureocillium lavendulum is a biological control agent with several registered products that can parasitize the eggs and larvae of various pathogenic nematodes. In this study, the pathogenicity and secondary metabolites of the fungus P. lavendulum YMF1.00683 were investigated. The strain YMF1.00683 had infection efficiency against the plant root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. The strain’s process of infecting nematodes was observed under a microscope. Moreover, seven metabolites, including a new sterol (1), were isolated and identified from cultures of YMF1.0068 in Sabouraud’s dextrose agar. A bioassay showed that 5-methoxymethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde (7) is toxic to M. incognita and affects the egg hatching. It caused 98.23% mortality in M. incognita and could inhibit 80.78% of the hatching eggs at 400 μg/mL over a period of 96 h. Furthermore, 5-methoxymethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde (7) showed a strong avoidance effect at 40 ppm, and its chemotactic index value was −0.37. The results indicate that P. lavendulum could produce active metabolites against M. incognita.

Pyrrole-2-carboxaldehydes: Origins and Physiological Activities

“…The nematocidal activity of 5-methoxymethyl-1 H -Py-2-C ( 37 ) was 23.20 ± 2.33 (12 h), 29.30 ± 2.33 (24 h), 41.60 ± 3.80 (48 h), 68.87 ± 3.63 (72 h), and 98.23 ± 0.81 (96 h), while that of the control was 2.06 ± 0.22 (12 h), 2.07 ± 0.12 (24 h), 2.67 ± 0.58 (48 h), 4.40 ± 0.56 (72 h), and 5.73 ± 1.10 (96 h) (adjusted mortality rate > 90%). Similar observations were also found for the egg hatching rate of M. incognita [ 107 ] ( Table 1 ).…”

Purpureocillium jiangxiense sp. nov.: Entomopathogenic Effects on Ostrinia furnacalis and Galleria mellonella

“…[8,9]. Purpureocillium species Microorganisms 2024, 12, 1041 2 of 11 employ unique biological mechanisms, such as secreting enzymes capable of degrading nematode eggshells, effectively diminishing nematode populations and alleviating their damage to crops [10]. This natural and efficient control strategy offers a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides, enhancing the sustainable development of agricultural ecosystems [11].…”