Pathogenic yeasts recovered from acne vulgaris: Molecular characterization and antifungal susceptibility pattern

Abstract

Context:Acne vulgaris is a disorder showing persistent inflammation in the pilosebaceous follicles. It is one of the most prevalent dermatoses that millions of people suffer from globally.Aim:The aim of this study was to identify Candida species from patients with acne and to determine their drugs susceptibility.Subjects and Methods:A total of 70 cutaneous samples from acne vulgaris patients suspected to have Candida infections were collected. Macroscopic and microscopic morphology were recorded followed by polymerase chain reaction-sequencing of ITS regions, using universal primers. In vitro antifungal susceptibility was performed using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute method.Results:Overall, 11 Candida species including Candida parapsilosis 8 (72.73%), Candida krusei 1 (12.5%), Candida lusitaniae 1 (12.5%), Candida kefyr 1 (12.5%), and a Trichosporon asahi out of the collected clinical materials were isolated and identified. C. parapsilosis isolates susceptibility to diverse concentrations of the antifungal agents to isolate Cp1 study indicated that the isolated Cp8 and Cp5 with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 50 = 32, 0.5, 0.25 and MIC 90 of <64, <1, <0.5 μg/ml fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole were resistant, respectively. Some of the isolates having relative strength, almost all other species of C. parapsilosis isolates were susceptible to these drugs.Conclusion:C. parapsilosis was the most prevalent Candida species in acne vulgaris samples which had higher in vitro susceptibility for antifungals.

The Skin and Gut Microbiome and Its Role in Common Dermatologic Conditions

“…Malassezia species, and more recently Candida species, have also been implicated in acne pathology, causing well-documented cases of folliculitis [63,64,65,66,67,68]. However, researchers are usually careful not to call yeast-associated folliculitis “acne”, due to the perception that acne vulgaris includes other clinical findings such as comedones that are not typically found in yeast-associated folliculitis.…”

Update of the list of QPS‐recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA 10: Suitability of taxonomic units notified to EFSA until March 2019

“…For 32 of those 45 studies, no potential safety concern was reported, while a potential safety concern was described in the other 13 studies (corresponding to 11 articles: Diba et al., ; Das et al., ; Jung et al., ; Kara et al., ; Khedri et al., ; Nagy et al., ; Omran and Mansori, ; Sadrossadati et al., ; Afsarian et al., ; Shokohi et al., ; Teblick et al., ): 3 for C. famata (Das et al., ; Diba et al., ; Shokohi et al., ), 7 for C. kefyr (Afsarian et al., ; Diba et al., ; Khedri et al., ; Nagy et al., ; Omran and Mansori, ; Sadrossadati et al., ; Shokohi et al., ), 1 for C. pelliculosa (Jung et al., ) and 2 for Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Kara et al., ; Teblick et al., ). All these studies reported isolation of the QPS yeasts from opportunistic infections in patients with serious predisposing factors.…”

“…These 30 articles included description of 45 studies related to different yeast species with QPS status, of which 16 referred to Candida kefyr (teleomorph = Kluyveromyces marxianus ) (Afsarian et al., ; Awad et al., ; Bharathi, ; Diba et al., ; García‐Agudo et al., ; Hasan and Yassein, ; Kaur et al., ; Kesmen et al., ; Khedri et al., ; Nagy et al., ; Okmen et al., ; Omran and Mansori, ; de Paula et al., ; Sadrossadati et al., ; Shokohi et al., ; Simi et al., ), 8 to Saccharomyces cerevisiae including Saccharomyces boulardii (corresponding to 7 articles: Lazo‐Vélez et al., ; Ruelle et al., ; Hasan and Yassein, ; Kara et al., ; Kesmen et al., ; Ochiai et al., ; Teblick et al., ), 10 to Candida famata (teleomorph = Debaryomyces hansenii ) (Afsarian et al., ; Alobaid and Khan, ; Awad et al., ; Cen et al., ; Das et al., ; Diba et al., ; Hasan and Yassein, ; Kesmen et al., ; de Paula et al., ; Simi et al., ), 6 to Candida pelliculosa (synonymus = Pichia anomala , teleomorph = Wickerhamomyces anomalus ) (Ahmadsah et al., ; Arendrup et al., ; Cen et al., ; Jung et al., ; Kesmen et al., ; Soman et al., ), 1 to Candida utilis (teleomorph = Lindnera jadinii ) (Treguier et al., ), 1 to Hanseniaspora uvarum (Kesmen et al., ), 1 Kluyveromyces lactis (Kesmen et al., ) a nd 1 to Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Kesmen et al., ). One of these articles was considered relevant (Pfaller et al., ) to evaluate since it presented new data on antimycotic MIC breakpoints for azoles but it is not associated to any specific yeast TU.…”

“…In 2 of those 30 studies (corresponding to 1 article, Awad et al., ), the problem was due to a lack of information regarding the source attribution. In 19 studies (corresponding to 15 articles: Afsarian et al., ; Alobaid and Khan, ; Bharathi, ; Diba et al., ; Das et al., ; Hasan and Yassein, ; Jung et al., ; Kara et al., ; Khedri et al., ; Kaur et al., ; Nagy et al., ; Omran and Mansori, ; Sadrossadati et al., ; Shokohi et al., ; Teblick et al., ), the problem was due to predisposing factors in the exposed subject.…”

Comparison of well diffusion, disc diffusion and broth dilution methods for antimicrobial activity of Andrographis paniculata herbal gel against acne-associated pathogen

“…The factors such as changing seasons and changing habits are among the risk of antifungal resistance. Most of resistance C. albicans cases are the major factors of defeated sequential treatment which most of them are resistant to common antifungal drugs, itraconazole, fluconazole and ketoconazole (Omran and Mansori, 2018).…”