Pathogenic Variation of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum causing Anthracnose of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Uganda

Kiryowa, M.; Ebinu, Aston; Kyaligonza, Vincent; Nkalubo, Stanley T.; Paparu, Pamela; Mukankusi, Clare Mugisha; Tukamuhabwa, Phinehas

doi:10.33687/phytopath.005.03.1980

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This race was reported by Kiryowa et al. (2016) from isolates collected in Uganda and has not been described in other countries to date. Considering that all 12 differential cultivars are susceptible to this race, common bean breeding programs should test distinct common bean genotypes to identify new sources of resistance to race 4095 of C. lindemuthianum .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Relationship of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum races and resistance loci in the Phaseolus vulgaris L. genome

et al. 2021

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Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is one of the most critical diseases in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The characterization and localization of pathogenic fungal races are essential for understanding pathogen population dynamics and developing resistant cultivars. Here, we discussed the relationship between the diversity of C. lindemuthianum and common bean resistance genes against anthracnose disease. Indeed, several studies using a system of 12 differential bean cultivars have been carried out since This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.1991 to monitor anthracnose, reporting the constant appearance of new races. C. lindemuthianum shows high virulence diversity, with 298 races distributed across 29 countries. In Brazil, were identified 89 races, being races 73, 65, and 81 the most frequent. Moreover, we highlighted the common bean gene clusters, their unique location on chromosomes, and their relationship with races and resistance genes. The genetic mapping studies, molecular markers linked to ANT resistance alleles and the specific races were integrated on the seven-chromosome map using the reference genome of common bean.Recently, the ease of use of genome sequences and the development of molecular technologies have allowed molecular markers for marker-assisted selection applied to anthracnose-resistant cultivars. As a result, it is feasible that Mesoamerican genes , and the Andean genes Co-1 2 , Co-1 4 , Co-Bf, Co-15, Co-AC, and CoPv01 CDRK are well-known to confer resistance to most races reported in Brazil and around the world. Thus, pyramiding these genes through molecular markers can help reduce the time and cost of introducing resistance genes in commercial common bean cultivars. | INTRODUCTIONCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a crucial staple food. It is one of the primary sources of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals worldwide and is cultivated in approximately 100 countries (Broughton et al., 2003;Vaz Patto et al., 2015). Among the factors that affect bean productivity, anthracnose (ANT) caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn.) Bri. & Cav. is considered one of the most serious ones. In fact, under C. lindemuthianum favorable conditions, anthracnose can reduce bean production

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Relationship of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum races and resistance loci in the Phaseolus vulgaris L. genome

et al. 2021

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“…New races continually emerge based on the gene-for-gene hypothesis; this has posed a risk of rendering single resistance gene deployment less effective against the disease. Studies in Uganda have indicated that C. lindemuthianum has a high pathogenic variability found to be highest in the Eastern and South Western highland regions (Mwesigwa, 2008;Kiryowa et al, 2016); 24 new physiological races have been reported (Kiryowa et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of pyramided genes in conferring resistance to anthracnose disease in common bean populations

Kiryowa¹,

Nkalubo²,

Mukankusi³

et al. 2021

J. Plant Breed. Crop Sci.

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Anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. et. Magn) Lams. Scrib.) is one of the most devastating diseases that constrain common bean production in Uganda. A cascading pedigree pyramiding scheme was used to develop common bean populations to evaluate the effectiveness of pyramided and single resistance genes (Co-4 2 , Co-4 3 , Co-5, and Co-9) on disease development. Detached leaf trifoliates of F 4:6 genotypes were screened with four C. lindemuthianum races (352, 713, 767 and 2047). Disease severity data were subjected to ANOVA. Races, genotypes and Race x Genotype interaction were significant. Genes Co-4 2 and Co-5 conferred resistance to the four races and the gene pyramids Co-4 2 +Co-5+Co-9 and Co-4 2 +Co-5 had the lowest severity scores. Gene Co-4 3 conferred resistance to race 352 and weak resistance to race 713; whereas, gene Co-9 conferred resistance to race 352. Co-4 3 +Co-9 gene pyramid showed resistance only to race 352. The Co-4 2 and Co-5 genes conferred resistance to all the four races 352, 713, 767 and 2047. The single gene Co-4 2 was not significantly different from the pyramids Co-4 2 +Co-5+Co-9 and Co-4 2 +Co-5 (P<0.01). Similarly, the Co-5 gene was not significantly different from Co-4 2 +Co-5, Co-4 2 +Co-9 and Co-5+Co-9 pyramids. The Co-9 gene showed antagonism in all pyramids. These results indicate that pyramiding of resistance genes would be effective for disease management in Uganda, but pyramids with Co-9 gene would be less effective.

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“…and Magn. ) (Kiryowa et al, 2016). Other damaging diseases are root rots (Pythium spp., Fusarium spp., Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani) (Nzungize et al, 2011a;Obala et al, 2012;Buruchara et al, 2015;Mukankusi et al, 2018), bean common mosaic and necrotic viruses (BCMV/ BCMNV) (Mwaipopo et al, 2017), and common bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.…”

Section: Marker-assisted Gamete Selection For Multiple Disease Resistmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of effectiveness marker-assisted gamete selection for multiple disease resistance in common bean

Mondo¹,

Kimani²,

Narla³

2019

Afr. Crop Sci. J.

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Plant breeding is the most cost-effective, practical and environmentally friendly strategy for reducing losses associated with bean diseases, especially in low-input agricultural systems because no additional investment is required from farmers. However, incorporating resistance to one pathogen may not result in a significant change because several diseases co-infection beans at the farm level. Consequently, breeding varieties with multiple disease resistance is a more appropriate, reliable and sustainable approach. In such context, gamete selection is the more appropriate breeding method because it allows simultaneous selection for multiple traits; though as originally proposed and validated, it is largely based on phenotypic evaluation for agronomic traits, which leads to delay in variety development and strong dependence on erratic weather conditions. The objective of this study was to validate 26 F 1.8 elite bean lines selected for resistance to angular leaf spot (ALS), anthracnose, root rots, common bacterial blight (CBB) and bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), from inter-racial and inter-gene pool populations developed using molecular markers on the gamete selection method in early generations. Pathogens were isolated from diseased plants collected from various locations in central Kenya, multiplied on appropriate media and used to inoculate the test lines in a greenhouse at Kabete Field Station, University of Nairobi. Data on disease incidence and severity were collected at 14, 21, 28 th days after inoculation, using the 1-9 CIAT scale; except for the root rot experiments for which data were recorded once at 21 st day after seedling emergence. Results showed that five of the 26 elite lines possessed multiple resistance to five pathogens, eight to four pathogens, nine to three pathogens, three to two pathogens and one was resistant to one pathogen. This implied that markers, used in early generations, were effective in the identification and transfer of resistance genes to susceptible commercial varieties. However, there were no significant correlations in the reaction of tested genotypes to pathogens in this study, except between BCMV and ALS (r=0.3942*). This suggests that resistance genes are in different chromosomes and are assorted independently. The presence of genotypes with multiple disease resistance among test elite lines, confirms the effectiveness M.J. MONDO et al. 586 of inter-racial crosses and marker-assisted gamete selection to concurrently improve the resistance to common bean major diseases in Eastern Africa.

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Pathogenic Variation of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum causing Anthracnose of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Uganda

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Relationship of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum races and resistance loci in the Phaseolus vulgaris L. genome

Relationship of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum races and resistance loci in the Phaseolus vulgaris L. genome

Effectiveness of pyramided genes in conferring resistance to anthracnose disease in common bean populations

Validation of effectiveness marker-assisted gamete selection for multiple disease resistance in common bean

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