Pathogenic risk of endogenous retrovirus infection in immunodeficient hosts

Zhang, Fengmin; Da, Rong; Song, Wuqi; Chen, Xiaobei; Zhang, Xiaoli; Li, Xiaoguang; Gu, Huiying

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2007.11.015

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…There are numerous endogenous and exogenous passenger retroviruses in some of the human tumors that are targeted for viral therapy (teratocarcinomas, melanoma, certain adenocarcinomas of breast, ovary, and prostate, certain sarcomas) (reviewed in [360]). Endogenous retroviruses are activated by stress signals [56] and by the impediment of innate and adaptive immune faculties in immunosuppressed individuals [470]; however, the ancient microRNA/small inhibitory RNA defense reactions remain active [142]. Oncolytic viral therapy is being extended for the treatment of these tumors.…”

Section: The Resident Viral Flora (Endogenous Retroviruses Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural and genetically engineered viral agents for oncolysis and gene therapy of human cancers

Sinkovics

Horváth

2008

Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp.

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Based on personal acquaintances and experience dating back to the early 1950s, the senior author reviews the history of viral therapy of cancer. He points out the difficulties encountered in the treatment of human cancers, as opposed by the highly successful viral therapy of experimentally maintained tumors in laboratory animals, especially that of ascites carcinomas in mice. A detailed account of viral therapy of human tumors with naturally oncolytic viruses follows, emphasizing the first clinical trials with viral oncolysates. The discrepancy between the high success rates, culminating in cures, in the treatment of tumors of laboratory animals, and the moderate results, such as stabilizations of disease, partial responses, very rare complete remissions, and frequent relapses with virally treated human tumors is recognized. The preclinical laboratory testing against established human tumor cell lines that were maintained in tissue cultures for decades, and against human tumors extricated from their natural habitat and grown in xenografts, may not yield valid results predictive of the viral therapy applied against human tumors growing in their natural environment, the human host. Since the recent discovery of the oncosuppressive efficacy of bacteriophages, the colon could be regarded as the battlefield, where incipient tumor cells and bacteriophages vie for dominance. The inner environment of the colon will be the teaching ground providing new knowledge on the value of the anti-tumor efficacy of phage-induced innate anti-tumor immune reactions. Genetically engineered oncolytic viruses are reviewed next. The molecular biology of viral oncolysis is explained in details. Elaborate efforts are presented to elucidate how gene product proteins of oncolytic viruses switch off the oncogenic cascades of cancer cells. The facts strongly support the conclusion that viral therapy of human cancers will remain in the front lines of modern cancer therapeutics. It may be a combination of naturally oncolytic viruses and wild-type viruses rendered oncolytic and harmless by genetic engineering, that will induce complete remissions of human tumors. It may be necessary to co-administer certain chemotherapeutic agents, advanced cancer vaccines, or even immune lymphocytes, and targeted therapeuticals, to ascertain, that remissions induced by the viral agents will remain complete and durable; will co-operate with anti-tumor host immune reactions, and eventually will result in cures of advanced metastatic human cancers.

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Section: The Resident Viral Flora (Endogenous Retroviruses Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural and genetically engineered viral agents for oncolysis and gene therapy of human cancers

Sinkovics

Horváth

2008

Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp.

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Characteristics and Relevance of the Interaction between Staufen-1 and Rev-related retroviral Proteins

Mostafa¹

2016

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Pathogenic risk of endogenous retrovirus infection in immunodeficient hosts

Cited by 2 publications

References 16 publications

Natural and genetically engineered viral agents for oncolysis and gene therapy of human cancers

Natural and genetically engineered viral agents for oncolysis and gene therapy of human cancers

Characteristics and Relevance of the Interaction between Staufen-1 and Rev-related retroviral Proteins

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