Pathogenic DWV infection symptoms in a Cretaceous cockroach

Vršanský, Peter; Vršanská, Lucia; Beňo, Milan; Bao, Tong; Lei, Xiaojie; Ren, Xiaojie; Wu, Hao; Šmídová, Lucia; Bechly, Günter; Lv, Jun; Yeo, Melvyn; Jarzembowski, Edmund A.

doi:10.1127/pala/2019/0084

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Although articles that examined “Morphology” accounted for only a small percentage of the total use of image data, with 16 publications (0.8%), they looked at a range of issues in creative ways, including body width to length ratios (Holloway et al 2020), eye to body ratios (Amador et al 2015), antennal teratologies (Vitali 2020) and elytra deformities (Vršanský et al 2019), antennal length and shape (Javoiš et al 2018), and sexual dimorphism (Deschodt et al 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online community photo-sharing in entomology: a large-scale review with suggestions on best practices

Skvarla,

Fisher

2023

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

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Over the past 2 decades, digital photography has grown increasingly accessible. This has ushered in a golden age of community science, where nonspecialists share natural history observations from across the globe via digital media. Importantly, these observations are accessible to researchers, who can readily share expertise directly with the community and connect observations and observers with research projects. This has fueled a rising number of publications combining specialist and nonspecialist observations, which occasionally make national and international headlines. Entomology has embraced this trend, but the scope and impact are not clear. A review of its effect on the field is therefore warranted. Herein, we review and analyze publications that incorporated information from photographs shared on photo-sharing websites. In total, 2,123 publications that incorporated information from 77 photo-sharing websites were examined. Seven websites accounted for 66% of the publication citations. 84.6% of publications focused on data from the Holarctic ecoregion (56.2% Palearctic and 28.4% Nearctic). Forty-six arthropod orders were represented, but the Big Five—Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, and Diptera—accounted for 75% of all publications. We divide the publications into 28 discovery and use categories, review how community photograph data has been used within each category, and provide examples of categories utilized in nonentomology natural history fields, which we hope will provide inspiration and spur future research. We also discuss benefits and considerations when using such data—including the accuracy of identifications, inherent biases, and digital data impermanence—and suggest best practices to follow.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online community photo-sharing in entomology: a large-scale review with suggestions on best practices

Skvarla,

Fisher

2023

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

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“…It possesses opposing spines on the foreleg femur and tibia, which is reminiscent of mantises, but on the other hand, such a foreleg is also found in detritivorous extant cockroaches (e.g., Periplaneta banksi Hanitsch, 1931 in [ 35 ]). Stavba babkaeva Vršanská and Vršanský, 2019 is another fossil that was interpreted as a predatory cockroach; its predatism was judged mainly from the mantis-like head with large eyes and the foreleg spination [ 36 ]. The head is indeed somewhat similar to that of mantises, but it indicates an excellent visual system rather than predatism (even if related, indirectly), and such heads are found, at least in extant Pseudophyllodromiinae (e.g., [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]), of which no species was reported as an obligate predator.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predators or Herbivores: Cockroaches of Manipulatoridae Revisited with a New Genus from Cretaceous Myanmar Amber (Dictyoptera: Blattaria: Corydioidea)

Huang

2022

Insects

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Manipulator modificaputis Vršanský and Bechly, 2015 (Manipulatoridae, Corydioidea) is a purported predatory cockroach from Cretaceous Myanmar amber, based on a single male. It is distinctive by the nimble head, elongate pronotum and legs, and particularly by the extraordinarily long maxillary palpi. In the present study, we redescribe Manipulator modificaputis based on six new fossils including males and females, and comment on the original description. The closely related Manipulatoides obscura gen. & sp. nov. is proposed on the basis of five fossils, including males and females. It differs from Manipulator in weaker spination of the legs, including the type-C forefemoral spination instead of the type-A of Manipulator. Some undetermined adults and nymphs are also described. We discuss the ethology of Manipulatoridae and speculate that they might feed on flowers. They are unlikely to be specialized predators since they lack necessary weaponry for capturing prey; in contrast, their unique morphotype appears to be suitable for efficient foraging and locomotion amid flowering twigs. The possibility of being kleptoparasites of the spider-web is also discussed. In addition, regenerated four-segmented tarsi are found from the new species.

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“…identified a novel protein Bap1 involved in honey bee antiviral responses using transcriptomic methods and the Sindbis virus as a surrogate virus for in vivo infection studies. Bap1 is not universally present in insects; however, the most closely related orthology was discovered in cockroaches, which is intriguing since they are also susceptible to DWV infection ( 4 ) despite not being more closely related to the virus's usual insect hosts.…”

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confidence: 99%

Editorial: Obstacles, advantages, and recent progress in honey bee virus research

Huang

2023

Front. Insect Sci.

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Editorial on the Research TopicObstacles, advantages and recent progress in honey bee virus research Exploring the unknown and conquering obstacles are always important for insect pathogen studies. The opportunities for exploiting new technologies and materials will always be tempting to researchers in this field. In this Research Topic, many scientists utilized new materials and methods to identify evidence that may lead to a further understanding of bee pathogens. Among the pathogens of interest, deformed wing virus (DWV) and its subtypes were the major viral pathogens addressed in this Research Topic. DWV is proposed to be a quasi-species (1), loosely consisting of subtypes that were previously considered as separated virus species. Subtype A was the original DWV, and subtype B was Varroa destructor virus-1 (VDV-1), named since the first identification was in Varroa mites (2). DWV subtypes A and B largely overlap in distribution and can co-infect the same hosts although the factors involved with these co-infections are not yet fully revealed. In addition to subtypes A and B, DWV quasi-species may contain subtype C and Kakugo virus, but these two subtypes have not been formally recognized. Kakugo virus was identified in the central neuron system of unusually aggressive bees in Japan (3). Kakugo virus shares 98% genome similarity with DWV-A but seems to enhance aggressive behaviors that have not been identified in DWV-A infections. These DWV subtypes have different regional distributions. Kakugo virus might have a limited distribution in East Asia and be better adapted to environments with both domestic European and Asian honey bees based on my preliminary survey. However, this preliminary observation was not fully supported by Zhang et al. as seen in their article published on this Research Topic. They analyzed four different genome fragments from DWV variants identified in European and Asian honey bees, wasps, and stingless bee taxa that were poorly addressed in previous studies. Another interesting research direction of the DWV quasi-species is how these subtypes compete within the same host and if Varroa mite has a specific role in the subtype competitions. Bai et al. in this Research Topic used long-read sequencing, also known as third-generation sequencing, to identify associations between DWV variants and Varroa mite haplotypes. They showed that DWV variants associated with mites tend to be regionally distributed. Penn et al. investigated the factors that could affect DWV subtypes within the same bee species, Apis mellifera, under different treatments. Interestingly, they found that creating a wound on the bees alone could significantly alter the infection dynamics between DWV-A and -B, and infection intensities were distributed differently in tissues.

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Pathogenic DWV infection symptoms in a Cretaceous cockroach

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

Online community photo-sharing in entomology: a large-scale review with suggestions on best practices

Online community photo-sharing in entomology: a large-scale review with suggestions on best practices

Predators or Herbivores: Cockroaches of Manipulatoridae Revisited with a New Genus from Cretaceous Myanmar Amber (Dictyoptera: Blattaria: Corydioidea)

Editorial: Obstacles, advantages, and recent progress in honey bee virus research

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