Pathogenic anaerobic bacteria and the environment

Haagsma, J

doi:10.20506/rst.10.3.569

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Since they sporulate and can therefore survive under aerobic conditions, these bacteria can colonize a dead vertebrate from inside and from the external environment. This family is represented by species such as Clostridium perfringens (welchii) , C. litus-eburense (Corry 1978; Haagsma 1991) and C. paraputrificum (Corry 1978). Many clostridiaceae species ferment pyruvate formed from carbohydrates to acetone, ethanol, butan-1-ol, acetic acid, butanoic acid or butane-1,3-diol (Boumba et al 2008).…”

Section: Post-mortem Decay Of Vertebrates By Micro-organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-mortem volatiles of vertebrate tissue

Paczkowski

Schütz

2011

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

151

177

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Volatile emission during vertebrate decay is a complex process that is understood incompletely. It depends on many factors. The main factor is the metabolism of the microbial species present inside and on the vertebrate. In this review, we combine the results from studies on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detected during this decay process and those on the biochemical formation of VOCs in order to improve our understanding of the decay process. Micro-organisms are the main producers of VOCs, which are by- or end-products of microbial metabolism. Many microbes are already present inside and on a vertebrate, and these can initiate microbial decay. In addition, micro-organisms from the environment colonize the cadaver. The composition of microbial communities is complex, and communities of different species interact with each other in succession. In comparison to the complexity of the decay process, the resulting volatile pattern does show some consistency. Therefore, the possibility of an existence of a time-dependent core volatile pattern, which could be used for applications in areas such as forensics or food science, is discussed. Possible microbial interactions that might alter the process of decay are highlighted.

show abstract

Section: Post-mortem Decay Of Vertebrates By Micro-organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-mortem volatiles of vertebrate tissue

Paczkowski

Schütz

2011

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

151

177

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Clostridia are anaerobic sulphite-reducing bacteria commonly found in the environment, in particular in soil. In compost, they are involved in degradation of cellulose (32). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A metagenomic analysis displays the diverse microbial community of a vermicomposting system in Uganda

Blomström

Lalander

Komakech

et al. 2016

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundVermicomposting is a mesophilic process using earthworms to efficiently and at low cost process large volumes of organic waste. It has been suggested to not only increase soil fertility but also increase biomass of beneficial bacteria while reducing harmful bacteria. The aim of this study was to set up a strategy to investigate and characterise the viral as well as the bacterial composition of a vermicomposting system.Material and methodsThe vermicomposting unit used in this study was placed at the Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute Kabanyolo on the outskirts of Kampala, Uganda, and was fed with 80% cattle manure and 20% food waste. On Day 172, the compost was terminated and compost samples were collected from three layers of the unit: the top, the middle and the bottom layer. A metagenomic approach was then applied to characterise the viral and bacterial composition of the vermicomposting system.Results and discussionA high abundance and diversity of bacteria were identified. Proteobacteria was the largest phyla in the compost (mainly Alpha-, Gamma- and Betaproteobacteria), constituting almost 65% of the bacterial reads in the data sets. DNA samples from several possible pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., Enterococcus spp. and Clostridium spp, were detected in the vermicompost, suggesting that there might still be harmful bacteria in the vermicast. Phages constituted the main viral group; apart from phages, mainly insect viruses were identified. The only animal or human virus identified was kobuvirus. In summary, metagenomic analysis was shown to be an efficient technology to characterise the microbial composition of vermicast. The data from this study contribute to a better understanding of the microbes present in this kind of composting system and can help determine measures necessary for safe manure handling.

show abstract

“…Previous research has focused on determining the prevalence of individual, key pathogenic species or toxinotypes, with pertinent clostridial soil studies given in Table . Species and toxinotype diversity of Clostridia can vary significantly between locations, from large‐scale continental differences (Haagsma, ; Dodds, ) and regional differences (Smith, ; Smith & Young, ; Lúquez et al, ; del Mar Gamboa et al, ), through to microscale differences within soil of the same sample (Kirk et al, ). del Mar Gamboa et al () studied clostridial prevalence in Costa Rican soils, isolating 54 different species from 117 samples and averaging over seven species per sample.…”

Section: Pathogen Diversity and Prevalence In The Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some BTPC toxinotypes are endemic to geographical areas or environments. Based on the literature, toxin type A is frequently isolated in North American soils west of the Mississippi River and in uncultivated soils, whereas type B prevails in soils to the east of the Mississippi, European soils and cultivated soils (Haagsma, ; Dodds, ; Espelund & Klaveness, ). Types C, D, G and C/D mosaic strains are also common in European soils, with C, D and C/D strains frequently associated with environmental botulism outbreaks.…”

Section: Pathogen Diversity and Prevalence In The Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the abundance, behaviour and detection of clostridial pathogens in agricultural soils

Palmer

Hough

West

et al. 2019

European J Soil Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The soil is a reservoir for various clostridial pathogens, with agricultural soils representing a major source of contamination for overlying crops and grazing livestock. Understanding the prevalence and behaviour of pathogens in these soils is fundamental to ascertaining and mitigating the risk of disease from agroecosystems. This article reviews research pertaining to the overall distribution and abundance of clostridial pathogens in the soil while identifying possible environmental and soil factors influencing their behaviour. Large‐scale soil screens have identified pathogens across the globe, although some Clostridium botulinum toxinotypes are more prevalent in certain geographic regions. Faecal inputs and organic waste amendments to the soil can elevate the levels of enteric clostridial pathogens in the soil and the subsequent disease risk, as highlighted by case–control studies. The ability of Clostridia to sporulate results in their long‐term persistence post‐introduction, increasing the time period for disease transmission. Regularly or permanently saturated soils may also enhance survival, or potentially facilitate the regrowth of some indigenous or introduced Clostridia. This is supported by the high prevalence of Clostridia in paddy soils, greater detection of pathogens in flooded soils, and the higher onset of some clostridial diseases in regions with poorly drained soils. Future research should elucidate soil types and environmental conditions which can enhance pathogen survival/regrowth. The adoption of molecular and sequencing technologies for future diagnostics can facilitate more sensitive detection and a higher resolution of pathogen typing, allowing a better understanding of pathogen population dynamics in farm soils and disease epidemiology. Highlights Understanding the behaviour of soil‐borne clostridial pathogens is key for disease management. Soil, environmental and management factors affecting pathogen survival/introduction are discussed. Soil waterlogging and application of organic soil amendments may increase the number of soil pathogens. More pathogen surveillance and standardisation of diagnostics to better understand behaviour is needed.

show abstract

Pathogenic anaerobic bacteria and the environment

Cited by 37 publications

References 15 publications

Post-mortem volatiles of vertebrate tissue

Post-mortem volatiles of vertebrate tissue

A metagenomic analysis displays the diverse microbial community of a vermicomposting system in Uganda

A review of the abundance, behaviour and detection of clostridial pathogens in agricultural soils

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About