Pathogenic Acinetobacter: from the Cell Surface to Infinity and Beyond

Weber, Brent S.; Harding, Christian M.; Feldman, Mario F.

doi:10.1128/jb.00906-15

Cited by 104 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…Capsule and its negative surface charge may well be the primary virulence function of the pathogen, as it is the primary defense the bacteria have against complement-mediated destruction and opsonization, as well as phagocytic uptake (74,(104)(105)(106)(107). Hypervirulent strains have been reported that resist innate immune uptake, which may have unusual or mutated capsular phenotypes (70,105,(108)(109)(110).…”

Section: Acinetobacter Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Pathophysiological Overview of Acinetobacter Infections: a Century of Challenges

et al. 2017

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SUMMARY Acinetobacter is a complex genus, and historically, there has been confusion about the existence of multiple species. The species commonly cause nosocomial infections, predominantly aspiration pneumonia and catheter-associated bacteremia, but can also cause soft tissue and urinary tract infections. Community-acquired infections by Acinetobacter spp. are increasingly reported. Transmission of Acinetobacter and subsequent disease is facilitated by the organism's environmental tenacity, resistance to desiccation, and evasion of host immunity. The virulence properties demonstrated by Acinetobacter spp. primarily stem from evasion of rapid clearance by the innate immune system, effectively enabling high bacterial density that triggers lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated sepsis. Capsular polysaccharide is a critical virulence factor that enables immune evasion, while LPS triggers septic shock. However, the primary driver of clinical outcome is antibiotic resistance. Administration of initially effective therapy is key to improving survival, reducing 30-day mortality threefold. Regrettably, due to the high frequency of this organism having an extreme drug resistance (XDR) phenotype, early initiation of effective therapy is a major clinical challenge. Given its high rate of antibiotic resistance and abysmal outcomes (up to 70% mortality rate from infections caused by XDR strains in some case series), new preventative and therapeutic options for Acinetobacter spp. are desperately needed.

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Section: Acinetobacter Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Pathophysiological Overview of Acinetobacter Infections: a Century of Challenges

et al. 2017

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“…(1)(2)(3)(4). Bacteremia is caused by toxic shock in 25% to 30% of the cases and usually occurs due to disseminated intravascular coagulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Different Fluoroquinolone Mechanisms Among Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in Tehran, Iran

Khayat

Sadeghifard

Pakzad

et al. 2017

Iran Red Crescent Med J

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Background: Acinetobacter baumannii isolates resistant to fluoroquinolones, such as levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin are being increasingly developed every day. Objectives: In this study, ciprofloxacin resistance in A. baumannii isolates was determined by the presence or absence of efflux pump inhibitors, as the efflux pumps play an important role in the creation of ciprofloxacin resistance. Methods: One hundred and three Acinetobacter isolates were collected from ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and burn patients of Tehran hospitals, Iran, during six months of 2014. Susceptibility rates of the isolates to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics were assessed using the agar disk diffusion and broth microdilution. The effects of the efflux pump inhibitors including

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“…NFGNB are bacteria that are generally considered opportunistic pathogens selected by repeated and prolonged antibiotic treatments (Ferroni et al, 2003). Acinetobacter baumannii is resistant to several antibiotics (Howard et al, 2012, Weber et al, 2015, and its epidemic distribution is due to its manual transmission and survival in the hospital environment (Lahsoune et al, 2007;Ducel et al, 2002). The level of Acinetobacter baumannii identified in NFGNB in our study is higher than the 28.57% reported by Liazid (2016) for Tlemcen hospital in Algeria.…”

Section: Distribution Of Distribution Of Nfgnbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospital Acquired Infection: Bacteriological Profile of Species from Environmental Surfaces of Cotonou 5 Hospital in South Benin (West Africa)

Afle¹,

Agbankpé²,

Johnson³

et al. 2018

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Hospital environment is sometimes the reservoir of pathogens that can be passed on to patients in different ways. The emergence of multi-resistant bacteria aggravates this situation, especially in a context of very limited therapeutic options. The objective of this study was to identify the bacterial species present on the environmental surfaces of the Cotonou 5 Hospital in order to control the contamination and the spread of pathogens. This aim was achieved by examining 165 samples, 135 (81.82%) of which had positive bacterial culture. The frequency of isolation was predominant in the intensive care unit (95%), emergency department (95%) and paediatrics (85%). In addition 49.77% of the positive bacterial cultures were Gram-positive and 50.20% were Gram-negative bacteria. Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus spp., Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were identified in all surveyed hospital units. Among the Gram-negative isolates, Enterobacteriaceae were more abundant (31.19%), followed by Non-fermenting gramnegative bacilli (16.75%). This study revealed that different bacterial species were present on the hospital surfaces of the Cotonou 5 Hospital. It is a reflection of the level of implementation of hospital hygiene rules and the risk of the resulting healthcare-associated infections. However, the spread of pathogenic strains can be controlled by appropriate hospital hygiene measures.

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Pathogenic Acinetobacter: from the Cell Surface to Infinity and Beyond

Cited by 104 publications

References 120 publications

Clinical and Pathophysiological Overview of Acinetobacter Infections: a Century of Challenges

Clinical and Pathophysiological Overview of Acinetobacter Infections: a Century of Challenges

Determination of Different Fluoroquinolone Mechanisms Among Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in Tehran, Iran

Hospital Acquired Infection: Bacteriological Profile of Species from Environmental Surfaces of Cotonou 5 Hospital in South Benin (West Africa)

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