Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Liver-Associated Injuries, Management, and Current Challenges in COVID-19 Patients

Naeem, Muhammad Asif; Bano, Naheed; Manzoor, Saba; Ahmad, Aftab; Munawar, Nayla; Razak, Saiful Izwan Abd; Lee, Tze Yan; Devaraj, Sutha; Hazafa, Abu

doi:10.3390/biom13010099

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…The manifestation of infection by coronavirus mainly concerns symptoms related to the respiratory tract. However, in the course of the pandemic, a more and more complex nature of COVID-19 started to appear [30]. It turned out that a greater number of coexisting conditions among infected individuals (e.g., cardiovascular disorders, kidney failure, diabetes, cancer, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases and alcohol consumption) may predispose them to a more severe course of the infection [31][32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Hepatic Face Of Novel Coronavirus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19, Possible Hepatic Pathways and Alcohol Abuse—What Do We Know up to 2023?

Michalak,

Lach,

Szczygieł

et al. 2024

IJMS

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The pandemic period due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) revolutionized all possible areas of global health. Significant consequences were also related to diverse extrapulmonary manifestations of this pathology. The liver was found to be a relatively common organ, beyond the respiratory tract, affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Multiple studies revealed the essential role of chronic liver disease (CLD) in the general outcome of coronavirus infection. Present concerns in this field are related to the direct hepatic consequences caused by COVID-19 and pre-existing liver disorders as risk factors for the severe course of the infection. Which mechanism has a key role in this phenomenon—previously existing hepatic disorder or acute liver failure due to SARS-CoV-2—is still not fully clarified. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) constitutes another not fully elucidated context of coronavirus infection. Should the toxic effects of ethanol or already developed liver cirrhosis and its consequences be perceived as a causative or triggering factor of hepatic impairment in COVID-19 patients? In the face of these discrepancies, we decided to summarize the role of the liver in the whole picture of coronavirus infection, paying special attention to ALD and focusing on the pathological pathways related to COVID-19, ethanol toxicity and liver cirrhosis.

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Section: Hepatic Face Of Novel Coronavirus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19, Possible Hepatic Pathways and Alcohol Abuse—What Do We Know up to 2023?

Michalak,

Lach,

Szczygieł

et al. 2024

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…57.7% (bile duct epithelial cells) vs 2.6% in hepatocytes[ 26 ]. Multiple factors are involved in liver damage during COVID-19, such as direct cytopathic attack by SARS-CoV-2, inflammation, intrahepatic immunity, multidrug-induced liver damage, drug toxicity, hypoxia, and gut dysbiosis (Figure 1 )[ 27 - 30 ]. A direct viral attack can also lyse or induce hepatic apoptosis.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of the Liver In Covid-19 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of gut microbiota as a potential therapy to manipulate drug-induced hepatic damage in COVID-19 patients

Ahsan¹,

Anwar²,

Munawar³

2023

World J Gastroenterol

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus, its symptoms, treatment, and post-COVID-19 effects have been a major focus of research since 2020. In addition to respiratory symptoms, different clinical variants of the virus have been associated with dynamic symptoms and multiorgan diseases, including liver abnormalities. The release of cytokines by the activation of innate immune cells during viral infection and the high doses of drugs used for COVID-19 treatment are considered major drivers of liver injury in COVID-19 patients. The degree of hepatic inflammation in patients suffering from chronic liver disease and having COVID-19 could be severe and can be estimated through different liver chemistry abnormality markers. Gut microbiota influences liver chemistry through its metabolites. Gut dysbiosis during COVID-19 treatment can promote liver inflammation. Here, we highlighted the bidirectional association of liver physiology and gut microbiota (gut-liver axis) and its potential to manipulate drug-induced chemical abnormalities in the livers of COVID-19 patients.

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“…COVID-19 causes acute respiratory distress syndrome in approximately 17-29% of cases, with the lungs being the primary organ affected. However, the virus can also affect other organs such as the liver and kidneys [1,2]. Older individuals, those with underlying medical conditions, and those with compromised immune systems are at a higher risk of developing severe or fatal respiratory illness due to COVID-19 [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical characteristics of liver transplant recipients with COVID-19 and analysis of risk factors for the severe disease

Fu,

Chen,

Zhang

et al. 2024

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Liver transplant (LT) recipients were at a high risk of infection during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Our purpose was to compare the clinical characteristics of severe and non-severe groups of LT recipients with COVID-19, and to analyze their risk factors for severe disease. Methodology: 79 LT recipients with COVID-19 were divided into a non-severe group (n = 60) and a severe group (n = 19), and differences in clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, and chest computed tomography (CT) performance were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors with severe COVID-19. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted and the area under curve (AUC) values were calculated to assess the predictive value for severe COVID-19. Results: Age was statistically different (p < 0.001) between the two groups. The difference in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), serum creatinine (Scr), D-dimer, urea, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and the number of lung segments involved in inflammation between the two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The results revealed that age (OR = 1.255, 95% CI 1.079-1.460), NLR (OR = 1.172, 95% CI 1.019-1.348), and Scr (OR = 1.041, 95% CI 1.016-1.066) were independent risk factors for severe COVID-19. The ROC results showed that high values for age, NLR and Scr predicted severe COVID-19, with AUC values of 0.775, 0.841 and 0.820, respectively, and 0.925 for the three factors combined. Conclusions: Advanced age, and elevated NLR and Scr are independent risk factors for severe COVID-19 in LT recipients.

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Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Liver-Associated Injuries, Management, and Current Challenges in COVID-19 Patients

Cited by 5 publications

References 91 publications

COVID-19, Possible Hepatic Pathways and Alcohol Abuse—What Do We Know up to 2023?

COVID-19, Possible Hepatic Pathways and Alcohol Abuse—What Do We Know up to 2023?

Modulation of gut microbiota as a potential therapy to manipulate drug-induced hepatic damage in COVID-19 patients

Clinical characteristics of liver transplant recipients with COVID-19 and analysis of risk factors for the severe disease

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