Pathogenetic mechanisms and treatment options for ophthalmic pterygium: Trends and perspectives (Review)

Abstract

Abstract. Pterygium is a fibrovascular lesion of the ocular surface that can display an aggressive clinical behavior and, occasionally, threaten vision. Although there is no consensus on its pathogenesis, recent evidence suggests that it is a proliferative, rather than degenerative condition strongly correlated with exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) of solar light. Molecular genetic alterations reported in association with pterygium include loss of heterozygosity (LOH), point mutations of proto-oncogenes, such as K-ras and alterations in the expression of tumor suppressor genes, such as p53 or p63. Other findings in pterygium include the frequent detection of HPV DNA, ocular surface changes such as the overexpression of various proteins, including defensins and phospolipases D, as well as the up-regulation of growth factors, such as bFGF or VEGF. Although pterygium management has traditionally involved surgery, often enhanced by the use of antimetabolites, recent advancements in the understanding of molecular and biochemical events underlying pterygium pathogenesis may enable the use of less invasive treatment methods.

Fixation and its role in the causation, laterality and location of pterygium: a study in amblyopes and non-amblyopes

“…Although past authors have speculated on the reasons for a paucity of temporal pterygia, 8,9,[27][28][29][30] we cannot comment on the same as we did not encounter any case of temporal pterygium in our study.…”

Evaluation of Corneal Biomechanical Properties Measured by Ocular Response Analyzer in Eyes with Pterygium

“…Kornea üzerine uzanan pterjiyum dokusunun uzunlu¤u, limbustan itibaren ortalama 3,9 1,1 (3-5) mm idi. Ortalama AU de¤erleri, çal›flma grubunda 23,2±0,92 (22,8) mm iken, kontrol grubunda 23,2±0,99 (22,2-23,7) mm olarak bulundu. ‹ki grubun ortalama AU ölçümleri aras›nda anlaml› bir fark yoktu (p=0,9).…”

“…[5][6][7][8][9][10] Pterjiyumun kornea üzerine etkisi, histolojik çal›flmalar, korneal topografi ve konfokal mikroskopi ile gösterilmifl olmas›na ra¤-men, kornea ön stromas›n› etkileyen pterjiyumun kornea biyomekani¤ine etkisi hakk›nda literatürde herhangi bir çal›flma bulunmamaktad›r. 16,17,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Son y›llarda Reichert, kornean›n biyomekanik özellik-lerini de¤erlendiren OCA (Reichert Corporation; Depew, USA ) cihaz›n› gelifltirdi. Bu ölçümlerden, KH ve KRF gibi de¤erler kornea biyomekani¤i hakk›nda bilgi verir.…”

Evaluation of the expression of T helper lymphocytes markers associated with Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells in primary pterygium biopsies

“…Es más prevalente en las zonas ecuatoriales y su aparición está relacionada directamente con la exposición a la radiación ultravioleta, la inflamación y otros factores irritantes. Aunque su etiología no se ha esclarecido, se conoce que la participación del gen p53, la alteración en la apoptosis, la acción de colagenasas y la angiogénesis promueven su desarrollo 1 .…”