Pathogenesis, Transmissibility, and Ocular Tropism of a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H7N3) Virus Associated with Human Conjunctivitis

Belser, Jessica A.; Davis, C. Todd; Balish, Amanda; Edwards, Lindsay E.; Zeng, Hui; Maines, Taronna R.; Gustin, Kortney M.; Martínez-Carrillo, Irma; Fasce, Rodrigo; Cox, Nancy J.; Katz, Jacqueline M.; Tumpey, Terrence M.

doi:10.1128/jvi.00154-13

Cited by 62 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Morbidity (measured by weight loss) and mortality in mice were assessed following intranasal (i.n.) inoculation as described previously (21). In brief, groups of eight female BALB/c mice (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA), 6 to 8 weeks of age, were anesthetized intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml of 2,2,2-tribromoethanol in tert-amyl alcohol (Avertin; Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO) and inoculated i.n.…”

Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis and Transmission Assessments of Two H7N8 Influenza A Viruses Recently Isolated from Turkey Farms in Indiana Using Mouse and Ferret Models

Sun

Belser

Pulit-Penaloza

et al. 2016

J Virol

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Avian influenza A H7 viruses have caused multiple outbreaks in domestic poultry throughout North America, resulting in occasional infections of humans in close contact with affected birds. In early 2016, the presence of H7N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses and closely related H7N8 low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses was confirmed in commercial turkey farms in Indiana. These H7N8 viruses represent the first isolation of this subtype in domestic poultry in North America, and their virulence in mammalian hosts and the potential risk for human infection are largely unknown. In this study, we assessed the ability of H7N8 HPAI and LPAI viruses to replicate in vitro in human airway cells and in vivo in mouse and ferret models. Both H7N8 viruses replicated efficiently in vitro and in vivo, but they exhibited substantial differences in disease severity in mammals. In mice, while the H7N8 LPAI virus largely remained avirulent, the H7N8 HPAI virus exhibited greater infectivity, virulence, and lethality. Both H7N8 viruses replicated similarly in ferrets, but only the H7N8 HPAI virus caused moderate weight loss, lethargy, and mortality. The H7N8 LPAI virus displayed limited transmissibility in ferrets placed in direct contact with an inoculated animal, while no transmission of H7N8 HPAI virus was detected. Our results indicate that the H7N8 avian influenza viruses from Indiana are able to replicate in mammals and cause severe disease but with limited transmission. The recent appearance of H7N8 viruses in domestic poultry highlights the need for continued influenza surveillance in wild birds and close monitoring of the potential risk to human health. IMPORTANCE H7 influenza viruses circulate in wild birds in the UnitedStates, but when the virus emerges in domestic poultry populations, the frequency of human exposure and the potential for human infections increases. An H7N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus and an H7N8 low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus were recently isolated from commercial turkey farms in Indiana. To determine the risk that these influenza viruses pose to humans, we assessed their pathogenesis and transmission in vitro and in mammalian models. We found that the H7N8 HPAI virus exhibited enhanced virulence, and although transmission was only observed with the H7N8 LPAI virus, the ability of this H7 virus to transmit in a mammalian host and quickly evolve to a more virulent strain is cause for concern. Our findings offer important insight into the potential for emerging H7 avian influenza viruses to acquire the ability to cause disease and transmit among mammals.

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Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis and Transmission Assessments of Two H7N8 Influenza A Viruses Recently Isolated from Turkey Farms in Indiana Using Mouse and Ferret Models

Sun

Belser

Pulit-Penaloza

et al. 2016

J Virol

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“…Infection of fowl with the H7 subtype is of great concern because of its high pathogenicity (4). (5). Unlike other virus subtypes, H7 influenza viruses of both lineages have been predominantly associated with ocular disease in humans, typically in the form of conjunctivitis (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the clinical characteristics and treatment of two patients with avian influenza virus (H7N9)

Zheng

et al. 2013

Biosci Trends

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“…There are reasons for further concern over human infections with influenza A(H7) viruses in general [60]. This reassortant virus harbours the internal genes derived from avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses for which laboratory studies with animals have suggested that they have pandemic potential [61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza at the animal–human interface: a review of the literature for virological evidence of human infection with swine or avian influenza viruses other than A(H5N1)

et al. 2014

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Factors that trigger human infection with animal influenza virus progressing into a pandemic are poorly understood. Within a project developing an evidence-based risk assessment framework for influenza viruses in animals, we conducted a review of the literature for evidence of human infection with animal influenza viruses by diagnostic methods used. The review covering Medline, Embase, SciSearch and CabAbstracts yielded 6,955 articles, of which we retained 89; for influenza A(H5N1) and A(H7N9), the official case counts of the World Health Organization were used. An additional 30 studies were included by scanning the reference lists. Here, we present the findings for confirmed infections with virological evidence. We found reports of 1,419 naturally infected human cases, of which 648 were associated with avian influenza virus (AIV) A(H5N1), 375 with other AIV subtypes, and 396 with swine influenza virus (SIV). Human cases naturally infected with AIV spanned haemagglutinin subtypes H5, H6, H7, H9 and H10. SIV cases were associated with endemic SIV of H1 and H3 subtype descending from North American and Eurasian SIV lineages and various reassortants thereof. Direct exposure to birds or swine was the most likely source of infection for the cases with available information on exposure.

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Pathogenesis, Transmissibility, and Ocular Tropism of a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H7N3) Virus Associated with Human Conjunctivitis

Cited by 62 publications

References 51 publications

Pathogenesis and Transmission Assessments of Two H7N8 Influenza A Viruses Recently Isolated from Turkey Farms in Indiana Using Mouse and Ferret Models

Pathogenesis and Transmission Assessments of Two H7N8 Influenza A Viruses Recently Isolated from Turkey Farms in Indiana Using Mouse and Ferret Models

Analysis of the clinical characteristics and treatment of two patients with avian influenza virus (H7N9)

Influenza at the animal–human interface: a review of the literature for virological evidence of human infection with swine or avian influenza viruses other than A(H5N1)

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