Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Lactational Insufficiency in Sows

Martineau, G. P.; Smith, Bruce P.; Doizé, Béatrice

doi:10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30710-6

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Morgenthum and Bolduan (1987) as well as Bilkei and Bölcskei (1993) have also estimated that the addition of straw meal (HCL‐treated) and the therefore higher CF content in feed would result in shorter duration of parturition and a reduced number of stillborn piglets. Endotoxins from intestinal Gram‐negative bacteria in the chyme are thought to influence peripartal problems of sows (mastitis, hypo‐ or agalactia, metritis; Martineau et al, 1992; Kamphues et al, 1998) because of their forced release and absorption caused by delayed digesta transport and increased intestinal microbial growth. With the addition of sodium sulphate and oat hulls, symptoms of MMA have been registered less frequently than in controls ( Beening , 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different feeding and housing conditions on dry matter content and consistency of faeces in sows

Tabeling

Schwier

Kamphues

2003

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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In a study with sows at various stages of the reproductive cycle, the effects of parturition, feed quantity and composition (content and type of crude fibre), exercise and access to water on dry matter content, and consistency of faeces were estimated. Parturition caused an increase in the dry matter content and reduced the defaecation frequency. The restriction of feed amounts in the last days of gestation and the change to lactation feed with reduced crude fibre content (6-3% in feed) intensified the physiologically occurring increase of the dry matter content. Moving activity and the amount of water ingested had only a small insignificant effect on the moisture of the faeces. The faeces became markedly softer when large amounts of fermentable fibre were used in the diet. The risk for constipation in periparturient sows increases when feed amounts and fibre content in the diet are strongly reduced. Therefore, it is recommended to offer sows daily minimum amounts of a diet (<2 kg) containing >7-8% crude fibre (including a highly fermentable fibre to improve faeces consistency) especially on the days near parturition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different feeding and housing conditions on dry matter content and consistency of faeces in sows

Tabeling

Schwier

Kamphues

2003

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…There is little information available about whether and how parturition affects post‐partum disorders. There seems to be a connection between prolonged farrowing duration and post‐partum disorders such as PDS; for example, both have common risk factors: constipation (Hermansson, Einarsson, Larsson, & Backstrom, ; Martineau, Smith, & Doize, ; Oliviero, Kokkonen, Heinonen, Sankari, & Peltoniemi, ); increased back fat (Göransson, ; Oliviero et al., ); no farrowing supervision (Papadopoulos, Vanderhaege, Janssens, Dewulf, & Maes, ; Björkman et al., unpublished); restricted space in crates at farrowing (Bäckström, Morkoc, Connor, Larson, & Price, ; Cariolet, ; Oliviero, Heinonen et al., ); and farrowing induction (Papadopoulos et al., ; Smith, ). In the study by Tummaruk and Sang‐Gassanee (), a connection between farrowing duration and post‐partum fever was established, but not for farrowing duration and PDS.…”

Section: Effect Of Parturition On Post‐partum Uterine Health and Postmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parturition effects on reproductive health in the gilt and sow

Peltoniemi

Björkman

Oliviero

2016

Reprod Domestic Animals

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connection to post-partum reproductive health and fertility. We discuss the normal physiology and behaviour around parturition and the effect of the second phase (expulsion of foetuses) on the third phase of parturition (expulsion of foetal membranes). In addition, we intend to cover retained placenta, and the connection to postpartum uterine health and fertility in the contemporary prolific sow. We also explore factors that support successful parturition or can cause potential problems. Successful parturition in the pig includes the possibility to express adequate maternal behaviour, rapid expulsion of the piglets, complete expulsion of the placenta, neonatal activity and colostrum intake. Abnormal incidents during any phase of parturition can cause subsequent problems. Duration of the expulsion phase of foetuses can be used as a simple measure of whether parturition is considered successful. Prolonged parturition can impair health of the sow and piglet and fertility after weaning. New insights, such as adding more fibre to sow diets during pregnancy, and especially during the period prior to farrowing, may prevent constipation, increase water intake of the sow around parturition and increase milk intake and performance of piglets. Maternal characteristics, including maternal behaviour, ease of parturition, colostrum production and piglet quality parameters, may be utilized to improve success rate of reproductive management during farrowing and early lactation. Additionally, we share some of the recent developments in methods, including ultrasonography in evaluation of post-partum uterine health. In conclusion, successful farrowing is of the greatest importance for reproductive health of the sow and survival of the piglets. We suggest connections exist among prolonged farrowing and yield of colostrum, retained placenta, development of PDS, and impaired involution of the uterus and reduced subsequent fertility.

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“…Another reason may be that constipation may result in higher concentrations of LPS. LPS can be absorbed from the gut and affect normal endocrine changes associated with farrowing [41]. A third explanation may be that the discomfort and pain associated with constipation affect hormonal changes associated with parturition [12].…”

Section: Nutrition and Body Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…General symptoms include fever, reduced appetite, lethargy, and vaginal discharge [41]. Body temperature is the most frequently used to evaluate the health status of a sow in the puerperal period [78].…”

Section: General Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tools and Protocols for Managing Hyperprolific Sows at Parturition: Optimizing Piglet Survival and Sows’ Reproductive Health

Björkman¹,

Grahofer²

2021

Animal Reproduction in Veterinary Medicine

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Genetic selection for higher prolificacy is one of the major causes for a decrease in piglet survival and reproductive health of the sow. Large litters increase farrowing duration and decrease piglet birth weight and therefore have an impact on piglet vitality, colostrum uptake, and piglet survival. Large litters also increase the incidence of postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PDS) and the probability of the sow to be removed from the herd because of reproductive failure. Therefore, hyperprolificacy challenges the performance of the sow in terms of parturition, colostrum production, neonatal survival, and fertility. In this review, we discuss the tools and protocols for management of parturition, colostrum, and sows' reproductive health. We provide checklists for the prevention of birth complications and PDS as well as for improvement of mammary gland development and colostrum production.

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Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Lactational Insufficiency in Sows

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

Effects of different feeding and housing conditions on dry matter content and consistency of faeces in sows

Effects of different feeding and housing conditions on dry matter content and consistency of faeces in sows

Parturition effects on reproductive health in the gilt and sow

Tools and Protocols for Managing Hyperprolific Sows at Parturition: Optimizing Piglet Survival and Sows’ Reproductive Health

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