Pathogenesis of tuberculosis: pathway to apical localization

Balasubramanian, V.; Wiegeshaus, E.; Taylor, Brett; Smith, Donald W.

doi:10.1016/0962-8479(94)90002-7

Cited by 157 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The infectious dose for a person is reported to be between 1 and 200 bacilli; however, as a single aerosol droplet can contain anywhere from 1 to 400 bacilli, it is unclear what is considered a biologically relevant dose. 12,173 The bacilli travel to the alveoli, where they are rapidly phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages. These macrophages are stimulated by ligation of TLRs and other PRRs to produce proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, driving the recruitment of more leukocytes to the site of infection.…”

Section: Pathogenesis and Lesion Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pathology ofMycobacterium tuberculosisInfection

Sakamoto

2012

Vet Pathol

116

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an old enemy of the human race, with evidence of infection observed as early as 5000 years ago. Although more host-restricted than Mycobacterium bovis, which can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, M. tuberculosis can infect, and cause morbidity and mortality in, several veterinary species as well. As M. tuberculosis is one of the earliest described bacterial pathogens, the literature describing this organism is vast and overwhelming. This review strives to distill what is currently known about this bacterium and the disease it causes for the veterinary pathologist.

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Section: Pathogenesis and Lesion Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pathology ofMycobacterium tuberculosisInfection

Sakamoto

2012

Vet Pathol

116

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“…After the wane of immunity with time, which takes place mostly in the elderly at an estimated rate of 5% per year until complete disappearance of immunity [32,33], the tubercle bacilli resume multiplication and increase their concentration in the apical focus. Once immunity is restored, the interaction with high quantities of antigen could lead to extensive caseation necrosis, liquefaction and cavity formation [5].…”

Section: Clinical Evidence Of Latent Tuberculosis Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in the upper pulmonary zone). Unlike infections in lower zones of the lung, the immune system would not be able to sterilise the infectious foci, thus maintaining the bacilli in a dormant state, even for life [5]. After the wane of immunity with time, which takes place mostly in the elderly at an estimated rate of 5% per year until complete disappearance of immunity [32,33], the tubercle bacilli resume multiplication and increase their concentration in the apical focus.…”

Section: Clinical Evidence Of Latent Tuberculosis Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historically, "primary" TB appears when there is a formation of primary complexes by a parenchymal lesion, usually at the base of lungs, and by hilar lymphadenopathy, caused by a very low dose of infection (usually 1-5 tubercle bacilli) [5]. Anatomically, the basal and middle zones of the lungs are more prone to infection than the apical zones because of their volume, although sometimes ventilation seems to be favoured in the latter [6].…”

Section: Clinical Evidence Of Latent Tuberculosis Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Development of post-primary TB a long time after the haematogenous dissemination to the apex [5][6][7][8][9][10] …”

Section: Clinicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the nature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-latent bacilli

Cardona¹

2004

European Respiratory Journal

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On the nature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-latent bacilli. P-J. Cardona, J. Ruiz-Manzano. #ERS Journals Ltd 2004. ABSTRACT: Mycobacterium tuberculosis-latent bacilli are microorganisms that adapt to stressful conditions generated by the infected host against them. By slowing metabolism or becoming dormant, they may counterbalance these conditions and appear as silent to the immune system. Moreover, the dynamic turnover of the infected cells provokes a constant reactivation of the latent bacilli when the environmental conditions are favourable, or an activation after being dormant in necrotic and fibrotic lesions for a long period of time. Since there is no in vivo nor in vitro evidence for quick resuscitation of dormant bacilli, the current authors strongly favour the possibility that latent tuberculosis infection can be maintained for no longer than y10 yrs, which is, nowadays, a time period very close to that considered for "primary" tuberculosis. This concept may also be helpful for newer epidemiological considerations regarding the real impact of reinfection in tuberculosis.

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Tuberculosis: Pathogenesis, Epidemiology and Prevention

Leitch¹

2000

Crofton and Douglas's Respiratory Diseases

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Pathogenesis of tuberculosis: pathway to apical localization

Cited by 157 publications

References 20 publications

The Pathology ofMycobacterium tuberculosisInfection

The Pathology ofMycobacterium tuberculosisInfection

On the nature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-latent bacilli

Tuberculosis: Pathogenesis, Epidemiology and Prevention

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