Pathogenesis of Treponema hyodysenteriae: induction of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor by a treponemal butanol/water extract (endotoxin)

A species-specific periplasmic flagellar protein of Serpulina (Treponema) hyodysenteriae

“…Little is known about the specific virulence factors of this organism except that hemolysins and a lipopolysaccharide or endotoxin may be involved in pathogenesis (11,27,33). Problems in serodiagnosis of the disease are mainly due to antigenic cross-reactions between S. hyodysenteriae and Serpulina (Treponema) innocens (25), a nonpathogenic species that is morphologically identical to S. hyodysenteriae (19).…”

Induction of interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-8 mRNA expression in porcine macrophages by lipopolysaccharide from Serpulina hyodysenteriae

“…In the present study, stimulation of porcine macrophages with S. hyodysenteriae LPS-like or endotoxin-like extracts induced the expression of IL-1␤ and IL-8 mRNA, albeit less effectively, than E. coli LPS. Previously, it was shown that in vitro stimulation of murine peritoneal exudate cells with S. hyodysenteriae endotoxin induced inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-␣ and IL-1 but required doses 5-to 50-fold higher than that of E. coli LPS (8). Thus, the experiments herein confirm in swine, the host species for S. hyodysenteriae infection, that serpulinal LPS preparations can induce the expression of specific proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages, but that severalfold higher levels of these preparations are required compared with the level of E. coli LPS to induce measurable amounts of a given cytokine.…”

“…This LPS-like molecule isolated by phenol-water extraction possesses various in vitro biologic activities, including toxicity for murine peritoneal macrophages, enhancement of C3 and Fc␥ receptor-mediated phagocytosis, splenocyte mitogenesis, and stimulation of leukocyte chemotaxis (14). In addition, S. hyodysenteriae endotoxin extracted with butanol-water induces production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity by murine peritoneal exudate cells in vitro (8). The present experiments were undertaken to extend this previous research on the stimulation of inflammatory cytokines in murine macrophages to the stimulation of macrophages from swine, the host species of swine dysentery.…”

Purification and characterization of NADH oxidase from Serpulina (Treponema) hyodysenteriae

“…There is little understanding of the adaptations contributing to the success of S. hyodysenteriae as a mucosal pathogen of swine, although lipopolysaccharide (22), endotoxin (9), hemolysins (19,44), and motility (14) have been considered to play a role. Our current hypothesis is that oxygen * Corresponding author.…”