Pathogenesis of the transformation from gastritis to malignancy

Abstract

cause of chronic gastritis, and on the knowledge of the natural course of chronic gastritis from non-atrophic gastritis to atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, and to precancerous lesions ( Figure 1). Prospective cohort studies are also considered to indicate strongly an association of H. pylori infection with gastric cancer. 1Our knowledge of the global epidemiology and time trends of gastric cancer indicates the importance of environmental factors in cancer pathogenesis. The timerelated changes in gastric cancer incidence have been substantial over the years but these changes are surprisingly similar worldwide, suggesting that one or some environmental agents play a critical role globally in gastric carcinogenesis.

Fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis of chromosomal aberrations in gastric tissue: the potential involvement of Helicobacter pylori

“…However, there was a strong association with the histological stage of the gastric tissue, and aneuploidy events increased in frequency as the tissue histology approached cancer. Gastric cancer is said to be a predominantly male disease (Sipponen et al, 1998;Faraji and Frank, 2002;Grady, 2001), however, in the premalignant cohort studied, only 33% were male increasing to 50% in the cancer group. The locality in which the cohort was recruited has the highest percentage of female gastric cancer patients in the country (www.wcisu.nhs.uk).…”

“…Chromosome 4 aneuploidy has also been implicated in another upper GI malignancy, oesophageal, by our group (Croft et al, 2002;Doak et al, 2003). P53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer (Levine et al, 1991;Tamura et al, 1991;Vogelstein and Kinzer, 1992;Sipponen et al, 1998) and is commonly found to be abnormal in 30 -58% of intestinal and diffuse gastric tumours (Grady, 2001). Hence, here we assessed whether copy number changes of these four chromosomes occurred in gastritis or intestinal metaplasia, as well as dysplasia and adenocarcinoma.…”

“…Helicobactor pylori strains with the CagA pathogenicity island are known to be more virulent, producing more severe pathological infection in humans (Blaser, 1998). CagA þ strains are highly immunogenic strains of H. pylori and are associated with increased cytokine expression (Crabtree et al, 1995), inflammatory cell infiltrate and release of ROS adjacent to gastric mucosa (Fiocca et al, 1994;Sipponen et al, 1998). The oxidative DNA damage induced by ROS is an important mechanism in carcinogenesis.…”

Expressão dos antígenos ABH e Lewis na gastrite crônica e alterações pré- neoplásica da mucosa gástrica

“…Porém, a presença da bactéria não constitui fator exclusivo no desenvolvimento dessas patologias. Fatores ambientais e a predisposição genética do indivíduo também contribuem para o aparecimento desses tipos de achados (26) . Neste estudo, a taxa de infecção pela bactéria encontrada está de acordo com valores esperados para a população de Belém, PA (18,24) e Brasil (6) .…”

Understanding Microbe-Induced Cancers

“…For example, gastric cancer, for which the fraction attributable to H. pylori is ∼80%, has a strong male predominance (53). The curve of agespecific rate increases for women parallels that for men, but is shifted 15 to 20 years later (53,54).…”