Pathogenesis of Placentitis in the Goat Inoculated with <i>Brucella abortus</i>. II. Ultrastructural Studies

Anderson, Timothy D.; Cheville, N. F.; Meador, V. P.

doi:10.1177/030098588602300302

Cited by 95 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As a result, the cow develops placentitis, fetal death, and abortion, particularly during the last third of the gestation (2). B. abortus grows primarily in the extracotyledonary trophoblasts and then spreads to the cotyledonary (placental) trophoblasts (3). Therefore, proliferation of B. abortus within trophoblastic cells is a key event in the mechanism of abortion.…”

Section: Brucellosis Is Still a Widespread Zoonotic Disease Very Litmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spite of the knowledge accumulated over the last few years on the interaction of the host with Brucella, little is known about the interaction of this organism with trophoblastic cells, par-ticularly in regard to the role played by the trophoblastic cells in eliciting the placental inflammatory response. This is a biologically relevant theme, since in contrast to silent chronic infections, infection of placenta (primarily trophoblastic cells) with Brucella results in an acute inflammatory response (2,3,31). Due to the lack of bovine trophoblastic cell lines, phagocytic cells or poorly differentiated cell lines are often used for studying the pathogenesis of B. abortus.…”

Section: Brucellosis Is Still a Widespread Zoonotic Disease Very Litmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation of the Bovine Trophoblastic Innate Immune Response byBrucella abortus

et al. 2008

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Brucellosis is still a widespread zoonotic disease. Very little is known about the interaction betweenBrucella abortus and trophoblastic cells, which is essential for better understanding the pathogenesis of the Brucella-induced placentitis and abortion, a key event for transmission of the disease. The goal of this study was to evaluate the profile of gene expression by bovine trophoblastic cells during infection with B. abortus. Explants of chorioallantoic membranes were inoculated with B. abortus strain 2308. Microarray analysis was performed at 4 h after infection, and expression of cytokines and chemokines by trophoblastic cells was assessed by real-time reverse transcription-PCR at 6 and 12 h after inoculation. In addition, cytokine and chemokine expression in placentomes from experimentally infected cows was evaluated. Expression of proinflammatory genes by trophoblastic cells was suppressed at 4 h after inoculation, whereas a significant upregulation of CXC chemokines, namely, CXCL6 (GCP-2) and CXCL8 (interleukin 8), was observed at 12 but not at 6 h after inoculation. Placentomes of experimentally infected cows had a similar profile of chemokine expression, with upregulation of CXCL6 and CXCL8. Our data indicate that B. abortus modulates the innate immune response by trophoblastic cells, suppressing the expression of proinflammatory mediators during the early stages of infection that is followed by a delayed and mild expression of proinflammatory chemokines, which is similar to the profile of chemokine expression in the placentomes of experimentally infected cows. This trophoblastic response is likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of B. abortus-induced placentitis.Brucella abortus is a facultative intracellular gram-negative bacterium that causes abortion and temporary infertility in cattle (13,19,29). It is also a zoonotic pathogen causing fever, weakness, endocarditis, arthritis, osteomyelitis, and meningitis in humans (51). In cattle, the infection tends to be chronic with tropism for the reproductive system of pregnant cows. Abortion is the most significant clinical sign, but an infected cow may be completely asymptomatic. Transmission of the disease occurs mainly after abortion or parturition of infected cows via contaminated fetus, fetal membranes, and uterine secretions (8,37,38). During the early stages of infection, B. abortus is found mostly in lymph nodes. The infection may progress to bacteremia and colonization of the uterus, where the organism replicates preferentially within trophoblasts in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (9, 10, 29). As a result, the cow develops placentitis, fetal death, and abortion, particularly during the last third of the gestation (2). B. abortus grows primarily in the extracotyledonary trophoblasts and then spreads to the cotyledonary (placental) trophoblasts (3). Therefore, proliferation of B. abortus within trophoblastic cells is a key event in the mechanism of abortion. Trophoblasts favor bacterial growth by producing erythritol and progesterone, which stimu...

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Section: Brucellosis Is Still a Widespread Zoonotic Disease Very Litmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brucellosis Is Still a Widespread Zoonotic Disease Very Litmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the Bovine Trophoblastic Innate Immune Response byBrucella abortus

et al. 2008

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“…The primary strategy for survival in macrophages appears to be inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion (7)(8)(9). Localization and proliferation within autophagosome-like compartments associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum has also been demonstrated in placental trophoblasts and other nonprofessional phagocytes (10,11). The complete genome sequence of B. suis provides insight into the lifestyle, pathogenesis, and evolution of this pathogen.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Brucella suis genome reveals fundamental similarities between animal and plant pathogens and symbionts

Paulsen

Seshadri

Nelson

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

439

287

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The 3.31-Mb genome sequence of the intracellular pathogen and potential bioterrorism agent, Brucella suis, was determined. Comparison of B. suis with Brucella melitensis has defined a finite set of differences that could be responsible for the differences in virulence and host preference between these organisms, and indicates that phage have played a significant role in their divergence. Analysis of the B. suis genome reveals transport and metabolic capabilities akin to soil͞plant-associated bacteria. Extensive gene synteny between B. suis chromosome 1 and the genome of the plant symbiont Mesorhizobium loti emphasizes the similarity between this animal pathogen and plant pathogens and symbionts. A limited repertoire of genes homologous to known bacterial virulence factors were identified.

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“…The primary strategy for survival in macrophages appears to be inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion (6,7,31). This is followed by localization and survival within replicative phagosomal compartments associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum and has been demonstrated in placental trophoblasts and other nonprofessional phagocytes (3,24,36). Molecular characterization of this survival process is important because it would provide additional guidance for the development of measures for prevention and control of Brucella and perhaps other intracellular pathogens.…”

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confidence: 99%

Carboxyl-Terminal Protease RegulatesBrucella suisMorphology in Culture and Persistence in Macrophages and Mice

et al. 2005

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The putative carboxyl-terminal processing protease (CtpA) of Brucella suis 1330 is a member of a novel family of endoproteases involved in the maturation of proteins destined for the cell envelope. The B. suis CtpA protein shared up to 77% homology with CtpA proteins of other bacteria. A CtpA-deficient Brucella strain (1330⌬ctpA), generated by allelic exchange, produced smaller colonies on enriched agar plates and exhibited a 50% decrease in growth rate in enriched liquid medium and no growth in salt-free enriched medium compared to the wild-type strain 1330 or the ctpA-complemented strain 1330⌬ctpA[pBBctpA]. Electron microscopy revealed that in contrast to the native coccobacillus shape of wild-type strain 1330, strain 1330⌬ctpA possessed a spherical shape, an increased cell diameter, and cell membranes partially dissociated from the cell envelope. In the J774 mouse macrophage cell line, 24 h after infection, the CFU of the strain 1330⌬ctpA declined by approximately 3 log 10 CFU relative to wild-type strain 1330. Nine weeks after intraperitoneal inoculation of BALB/c mice, strain 1330⌬ctpA had cleared from spleens but strain 1330 was still present. These observations suggest that the CtpA activity is necessary for the intracellular survival of B. suis. Relative to the saline-injected mice, strain 1330⌬ctpA-vaccinated mice exhibited 4 to 5 log 10 CFU of protection against challenge with virulent B. abortus strain 2308 or B. suis strain 1330 but no protection against B. melitensis strain 16 M. This is the first report correlating a CtpA deficiency with cell morphology and attenuation of B. suis.

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Pathogenesis of Placentitis in the Goat Inoculated with Brucella abortus. II. Ultrastructural Studies

Cited by 95 publications

References 22 publications

Modulation of the Bovine Trophoblastic Innate Immune Response byBrucella abortus

Modulation of the Bovine Trophoblastic Innate Immune Response byBrucella abortus

The Brucella suis genome reveals fundamental similarities between animal and plant pathogens and symbionts

Carboxyl-Terminal Protease RegulatesBrucella suisMorphology in Culture and Persistence in Macrophages and Mice

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