Pathogenesis of novel reassortant avian influenza virus A (H5N8) Isolates in the ferret

Kim, Heui Man; Kim, Chi-Kyeong; Lee, Nam-Joo; Chu, Hyuk; Kang, Chun; Kim, Kisoon; Lee, Joo-Yeon

doi:10.1016/j.virol.2015.02.042

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Influenza virus replication in lung tissue is thought to be a pathogenic trait that may contribute to the severity of H5Nx infection, if humans became infected by close contact with H5Nx-infected poultry. Overall, our results are consistent with previous pathogenicity studies with clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 viruses isolated from South Korea and the Netherlands (29), viruses which also exhibited low to moderate virulence in mammalian models (4,30). Furthermore, the virus titers we observed in ferret respiratory tract tissues were comparable to those observed with other avian influenza virus strains that exhibited moderate pathogenicity in ferrets (13).…”

Section: Replication Kinetics Of H5n2 and H5n8 Viruses In Humansupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This represented the first appearance of HPAI H5 virus in the United States since 2004 when H5N2 subtype virus was confirmed on a poultry farm in Texas (2). HPAI H5N8 viruses were first reported in duck farms in eastern China in 2010, and in early 2014 a novel reassortant H5N8 virus was detected in poultry in South Korea (3)(4)(5). The novel virus, belonging to Eurasian lineage clade 2.3.4.4 (formerly clade 2.3.4.6), subsequently spread to China, Japan, and five countries in Europe (6,7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

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Pathogenesis and Transmission of Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N2 and H5N8 Viruses in Ferrets and Mice

Pulit-Penaloza

Sun

Creager

et al. 2015

J Virol

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A novel highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus, first detected in January 2014 in poultry and wild birds in South Korea, has spread throughout Asia and Europe and caused outbreaks in Canada and the United States by the end of the year. The spread of H5N8 and the novel reassortant viruses, H5N2 and H5N1 (H5Nx), in domestic poultry across multiple states in the United States pose a potential public health risk. To evaluate the potential of cross-species infection, we determined the pathogenicity and transmissibility of two Asian-origin H5Nx viruses in mammalian animal models. The newly isolated H5N2 and H5N8 viruses were able to cause severe disease in mice only at high doses. Both viruses replicated efficiently in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of ferrets; however, the clinical symptoms were generally mild, and there was no evidence of systemic dissemination of virus to multiple organs. Moreover, these influenza H5Nx viruses lacked the ability to transmit between ferrets in a direct contact setting. We further assessed viral replication kinetics of the novel H5Nx viruses in a human bronchial epithelium cell line, Calu-3. Both H5Nx viruses replicated to a level comparable to a human seasonal H1N1 virus, but significantly lower than a virulent Asian-lineage H5N1 HPAI virus. Although the recently isolated H5N2 and H5N8 viruses displayed moderate pathogenicity in mammalian models, their ability to rapidly spread among avian species, reassort, and generate novel strains underscores the need for continued risk assessment in mammals. O n 16 December 2014, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) confirmed the presence of a novel highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus in a captive gyrfalcon and H5N2 virus in a northern pintail duck from Whatcom County, Washington (1). This represented the first appearance of HPAI H5 virus in the United States since 2004 when H5N2 subtype virus was confirmed on a poultry farm in Texas (2). HPAI H5N8 viruses were first reported in duck farms in eastern China in 2010, and in early 2014 a novel reassortant H5N8 virus was detected in poultry in South Korea (3-5). The novel virus, belonging to Eurasian lineage clade 2.3.4.4 (formerly clade 2.3.4.6), subsequently spread to China, Japan, and five countries in Europe (6, 7). In November 2014, the virus was detected on chicken and turkey farms in British Columbia, Canada, followed by Washington State, USA, the following month (8). The novel H5N8 viruses continue to spread to multiple regions and have been found in three North America flyways (Pacific, Central, and Mississippi), where wild-bird migrations occur (USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service [http://www.aphis.usda.gov]). In addition, genetic reassortment with circulating North American avian influenza viruses has resulted in novel HPAI viruses, including H5N2 and H5N1 subtypes. These novel reassortant viruses carry a Eurasian-origin hemagglutinin (HA) gene genetically related to H5N8 viruses detected in South Korea in 2014 and the neura...

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Section: Replication Kinetics Of H5n2 and H5n8 Viruses In Humansupporting

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Pathogenesis and Transmission of Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N2 and H5N8 Viruses in Ferrets and Mice

Pulit-Penaloza

Sun

Creager

et al. 2015

J Virol

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“…The slides were visualized using a DAB horseradish peroxidase colour development kit (Beyotime Biotechnology, China). Finally, the slides were observed and photographed under an Olympus light microscope to detect the distribution influenza A virus nucleoprotein5758.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral activity of chlorogenic acid against influenza A (H1N1/H3N2) virus and its inhibition of neuraminidase

Ding

Cao

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

143

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Lonicera japonica Thunb, rich in chlorogenic acid (CHA), is used for viral upper respiratory tract infection treatment caused by influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus, ect in China. It was reported that CHA reduced serum hepatitis B virus level and death rate of influenza virus-infected mice. However, the underlying mechanisms of CHA against the influenza A virus have not been fully elucidated. Here, the antiviral effects and potential mechanisms of CHA against influenza A virus were investigated. CHA revealed inhibitory against A/PuertoRico/8/1934(H1N1) (EC50 = 44.87 μM), A/Beijing/32/92(H3N2) (EC50 = 62.33 μM), and oseltamivir-resistant strains. Time-course analysis showed CHA inhibited influenza virus during the late stage of infectious cycle. Indirect immunofluorescence assay indicated CHA down-regulated the NP protein expression. The inhibition of neuraminidase activity confirmed CHA blocked release of newly formed virus particles from infected cells. Intravenous injection of 100 mg/kg/d CHA possessed effective antiviral activity in mice, conferring 60% and 50% protection from death against H1N1 and H3N2, reducing virus titres and alleviating inflammation in the lungs effectively. These results demonstrate that CHA acts as a neuraminidase blocker to inhibit influenza A virus both in cellular and animal models. Thus, CHA has potential utility in the treatment of the influenza virus infection.

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“…Histopathologic examinations were conducted, as described previously [31]. Briefly, paraffinembedded tissues were deparaffinized and hydrated with xylene and alcohols, followed by staining with hematoxylin and eosin and investigation of microscopic lesions in mouse lungs.…”

Section: Histopathology and Immunohistochemical (Ihc) Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of mutations derived from mouse-adapted H3N2 seasonal influenza A virus to pathogenicity and host adaptation

Choi

Lee

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Elucidating the genetic basis of influenza A viruses (IAVs) is important to understand which mutations will determine the virulence and the host range of mammals. Here, seasonal H3N2 influenza was adapted in mice by serial passage and four mutants, each carrying amino acid substitutions related to mouse adaptation in either the PB2, HA, NP, or NA protein, were generated. To confirm the contribution of each gene to enhanced pathogenicity and mouse adaptation, mice were inoculated with the respective variants, and virulence, replication, histopathology, and infectivity were examined. The virus harboring HA mutations displayed increased infection efficiency and replication competence, resulting in higher mortality in mice relative to those infected with wild-type virus. By contrast, the NP D34N mutation caused rapid and widespread infection in multiple organs without presenting virulent symptoms. Additionally, the PB2 F323L mutation presented delayed but elevated replication competence in the respiratory tract, whereas the S331R mutation in NA showed no considerable effects on mouse adaptation. These results suggested that mouse-adapted changes in HA are major factors in increased pathogenicity and that mutations in NP and PB2 also contribute to cross-species adaptability. Our findings offer a better understanding of the molecular basis for IAV pathogenicity and adaptation in a new host.

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Pathogenesis of novel reassortant avian influenza virus A (H5N8) Isolates in the ferret

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Pathogenesis and Transmission of Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N2 and H5N8 Viruses in Ferrets and Mice

Pathogenesis and Transmission of Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N2 and H5N8 Viruses in Ferrets and Mice

Antiviral activity of chlorogenic acid against influenza A (H1N1/H3N2) virus and its inhibition of neuraminidase

The effect of mutations derived from mouse-adapted H3N2 seasonal influenza A virus to pathogenicity and host adaptation

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