Pathogenesis of nonsuppurative encephalitis caused by highly pathogenic <i>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus</i>

Cao, Jianbo; Li, Bin; Fang, Liurong; Chen, Huanchun; Xiao, Shaobo

doi:10.1177/1040638712445764

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Enriched Nervous system KEGG pathways including 10 enriched KEGG pathways and 37 proteins, and Neurodegenerative diseases KEGG pathways including 5 enriched KEGG pathways and 28 proteins were also found in the NSP2 interaction network. The nervous symptom can be observed in PRRSVinfected pigs, which was supported by some evidence in previous pathogenicity analysis showing that PRRSV infection could induce the central nervous system (CNS) lesions including lymphohistiocytic perivascular cuffing, gliosis and mild vasculitis [51,52]. In addition, the PRRSV antigen can be detected in the cerebellum [53] and the virus can be isolated from the brain tissues of infected animals [54,55].…”

Section: Functional Analysis Of Nsp2 Interaction Networksupporting

confidence: 55%

Interactome Profile of the Host Cellular Proteins and the Nonstructural Protein 2 of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

et al. 2014

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The nonstructural protein 2 (NSP2) is considered to be one of crucial viral proteins in the replication and pathogenesis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). In the present study, the host cellular proteins that interact with the NSP2 of PRRSV were immunoprecipitated with anti-Myc antibody from the MARC-145 cells infected by a recombinant PRRSV with 3xMyc tag insertion in its NSP2-coding region, and then 285 cellular proteins interacting with NSP2 were identified by LC-MS/MS. The Gene Ontology and enriched KEGG Pathway bioinformatics analyses indicated that the identified proteins could be assigned to different subcellular locations and functional classes. Functional analysis of the interactome profile highlighted cellular pathways associated with infectious disease, translation, immune system, nervous system and signal transduction. Two interested cellular proteins–BCL2-associated athanogene 6 (BAG6) and apoptosis-inducing factor 1 (AIF1) which may involve in transporting of NSP2 to Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or PRRSV-driven apoptosis were validated by Western blot. The interactome data between PRRSV NSP2 and cellular proteins contribute to the understanding of the roles of NSP2 in the replication and pathogenesis of PRRSV, and also provide novel cellular target proteins for elucidating the associated molecular mechanisms of the interaction of host cellular proteins with viral proteins in regulating the viral replication.

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Section: Functional Analysis Of Nsp2 Interaction Networksupporting

confidence: 55%

Interactome Profile of the Host Cellular Proteins and the Nonstructural Protein 2 of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

et al. 2014

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“…Meanwhile, IHC was also performed to identify the presence of EHV-8 in neurons. The virus-induced cellular damage to neurons and neuroglial cells might be the reason for the neurological diseases ( Cao et al, 2012 ; Bryant et al, 2018 ). The dead donkey in the farm was probably the result of the direct action of EHV-8, just like the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus or pseudorabies virus in pigs ( Narita and Ishii, 2004 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emergence of Viral Encephalitis in Donkeys by Equid Herpesvirus 8 in China

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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The equine herpesvirus type 8 (EHV-8) can cause significant economic losses in the global horses and donkey industry. The disease has been associated with abortion and respiratory symptoms. However, it is rare for a study to be reported about donkeys with neurological diseases induced by EHV-8 infection. In the present study, one 2-year-old male donkey, from a large-scale donkey farm in China, died with a severe neurological disorder. The causative agent, donkey/Shandong/10/2021 (GenBank accession: OL856098), was identified and isolated from the brain tissue of the dead donkey. Meanwhile, BALB/c mice were used as an animal model to evaluate the pathogenicity of the EHV-8 isolate. Our data showed that EHV-8 was positive in brains by PCR and immunohistochemistry, which induced typical viral encephalitis lesions in both donkey and mice consistent with clinical signs. For the first time, we reported that EHV-8 had been isolated from donkeys with a neurological illness in China, which is helpful to reveal the pathogenicity of EHV-8 in the donkey.

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“…The absence of immunoreactivity in affected tissues may suggest that these changes could have occurred as a result of other mechanisms, including type III hypersensitivity reaction [29], without direct involvement of the virus in all systemic lesions [25,28] Viral diseases affecting the CNS are not common in the swine diagnostic routine, especially in growing-finishing pigs [30]. Possible causes of non-suppurative encephalomyelitis in pigs include Porcine Teschovirus type A (PTV) [31], Porcine Sapelovirus type A (PSV) [32], Porcine Astrovirus type 3 (PoAstV-3) [33], Suid herpesvirus 1 (SHV-1) [34], Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) [35], Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalitis virus (PHEV) [36], and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV) [37]. The findings observed in our cases are highly suggestive of infection by a neurotropic virus, such as PSV, PTV and PoAstV-3 [32,33,38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-ambulatory pigs in two Brazilian growing-finishing farms: a clinic, etiological and pathological perspective on 76 cases

et al. 2022

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Background Non-ambulatory pigs, colloquially known as downers or downed pigs, are animals presented with limited to no mobility, usually as a result of pre-existing neurologic or musculoskeletal conditions. Impaired ambulation is a major cause of euthanasia in pigs, leading to economic losses and animal welfare concerns. Additionally, reaching the underlying diagnosis of impaired ambulation in pigs is commonly a challenging task for swine practitioners. The aim of this necropsy-based study was to report the clinical, etiological, and pathological findings of 76 non-ambulatory grower-finisher pigs, and to correlate tail-biting lesions with the causes of death/reason for euthanasia in non-ambulatory pigs. Necropsies of downed pigs were performed during on-site visits to two pig farms in southern Brazil. Results The diagnosis of the conditions was based on the clinical, macroscopic, histopathological, bacteriological, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings. The diseases diagnosed in non-ambulatory pigs in this study were suppurative arthritis (29/76), suppurative spondylitis (10/76), PVC-2 associated diseases (8/76), bone fracture (7/76), non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis (4/76), suppurative meningoencephalitis (6/76), fibrocartilaginous thromboembolism (3/76), epiphysiolysis (3/76), ascending bacterial myelitis (3/76), and other conditions (3/76). The frequency of suppurative arthritis, suppurative spondylitis, and ascending bacterial myelitis/meningitis was higher in pigs with tail biting lesions than controls (P < 0.001). Conclusions Non-ambulatory pigs were observed during the entire rearing period, however, the occurrence of non-ambulatory pigs increased in animals aged ≥ 150 days. Infectious diseases were the most common cause of downed pigs, mainly associated with chronic bacterial infections. Tail biting lesions were an important predisposing factor to suppurative arthritis, suppurative spondylitis, and ascending bacterial myelitis/meningitis.

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Pathogenesis of nonsuppurative encephalitis caused by highly pathogenic Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Interactome Profile of the Host Cellular Proteins and the Nonstructural Protein 2 of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Interactome Profile of the Host Cellular Proteins and the Nonstructural Protein 2 of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

The Emergence of Viral Encephalitis in Donkeys by Equid Herpesvirus 8 in China

Non-ambulatory pigs in two Brazilian growing-finishing farms: a clinic, etiological and pathological perspective on 76 cases

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