Pathogenesis of Meningitis Caused by Streptococcus suis Type 2

Williams, Alun; Blakemore, W. F.

doi:10.1093/infdis/162.2.474

Cited by 98 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…An early theory suggested that S. suis is taken up by MONOs, allowing the bacteria to survive and travel intracellularly in the circulation (80). Neutrophils may play an important role in the pathogenesis of infection, given that infiltration by neutrophils and mononuclear cells is frequently observed in lesions caused by S. suis (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Orphan Response Regulator CovR: a Globally Negative Modulator of Virulence inStreptococcus suisSerotype 2

Pan

et al. 2009

J Bacteriol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an emerging zoonotic pathogen responsible for a wide range of life-threatening diseases in pigs and humans. However, the pathogenesis of S. suis serotype 2 infection is not well understood. In this study, we report that an orphan response regulator, CovR, globally regulates gene expression and negatively controls the virulence of S. suis 05ZYH33, a streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS)-causing strain. A covR-defective (⌬covR) mutant of 05ZYH33 displayed dramatic phenotypic changes, such as formation of longer chains, production of thicker capsules, and increased hemolytic activity. Adherence of the ⌬covR mutant to epithelial cells was greatly increased, and its resistance to phagocytosis and killing by neutrophils and monocytes was also significantly enhanced. More importantly, inactivation of covR increased the lethality of S. suis serotype 2 in experimental infection of piglets, and this phenotype was restored by covR complementation. Colonization experiments also showed that the ⌬covR mutant exhibited an increased ability to colonize susceptible tissues of piglets. The pleiotropic phenotype of the ⌬covR mutant is in full agreement with the large number of genes controlled by CovR as revealed by transcription profile analysis: 2 genes are positively regulated, and 193 are repressed, including many that encode known or putative virulence factors. These findings suggested that CovR is a global repressor in virulence regulation of STSS-causing S. suis serotype 2.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Orphan Response Regulator CovR: a Globally Negative Modulator of Virulence inStreptococcus suisSerotype 2

Pan

et al. 2009

J Bacteriol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This route of entry has been suggested for L. monocytogenes (279), B. pseudomallei (280), S. suis (146), and M. tuberculosis (281). In C57BL/6 ϫ DBA/2 mice, L. monocytogenes-infected peripheral blood leukocytes disseminated to the CNS and were shown to induce brain colonization more efficiently than extracellular L. monocytogenes (279).…”

Section: Trojan Horse Penetration Of Brain Microvascular Endothelial mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Following intranasal inoculation, H. influenzae was isolated from the CSF within the lateral cerebral ventricle, and this was associated with intravascular inflammatory infiltration and mild choroid plexitis (145). In 5-to 7-week-old pigs, S. suis was localized within the choroid plexus and caused disruption of the brush border of the choroid epithelium and loss of the apical cytoplasm (146). Interestingly, autopsy of a 2-month-old infant who died of fulminant meningococcemia prior to the onset of meningitis revealed adherent bacteria within the capillaries of the choroid plexus and, to a much lesser extent, the capillaries within the meninges (147).…”

Section: Sites Of Entrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogens Penetrating the Central Nervous System: Infection Pathways and the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Invasion

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY The brain is well protected against microbial invasion by cellular barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). In addition, cells within the central nervous system (CNS) are capable of producing an immune response against invading pathogens. Nonetheless, a range of pathogenic microbes make their way to the CNS, and the resulting infections can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Bacteria, amoebae, fungi, and viruses are capable of CNS invasion, with the latter using axonal transport as a common route of infection. In this review, we compare the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens reach the CNS and infect the brain. In particular, we focus on recent data regarding mechanisms of bacterial translocation from the nasal mucosa to the brain, which represents a little explored pathway of bacterial invasion but has been proposed as being particularly important in explaining how infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei can result in melioidosis encephalomyelitis.

show abstract

“…22,24 Finding pigs with moderate to severe suppurative meningitis without choroid plexitis is surprising because the current view is that the meningitis originates in the choroid plexus. 31 These pigs were also free of endocarditis, eliminating embolism from heart valves as a route of infection. Three pigs with nonsuppurative subacute meningoencephalomyelitis similar to those described as having "unusual" lesions 21 were also found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Lesions Caused by Natural Infection withStreptococcus SuisType 9 in Weaned Pigs

1994

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. In this paper we report on the spectrum and frequency of lesions observed in a prospective study of naturally occurring infections with Streptococcus suis type 9 (SS-9) in weaned pigs. SS-9 produced arthritis, meningitis, interstitial pneumonia, and endocarditis in 100%, 91%, 73%, and 42%, respectively, of pigs dying from the disease. The lesions were similar to those caused by S. suis type 2 (SS-2), however, SS-9 produced a different frequency of lesions. In SS-2 infections, bronchopneumonia is the most commonly observed lesion; meningitis, arthritis, and endocarditis are less frequently observed. Thus, SS-9 produced a different distribution of lesions from that reported for SS-2. Possible explanations for the differences found are discussed.Since its discovery as a cause of meningoencephalitis are the basis for the suggestion that these antigens play and pneumonia in pigs 1-6 months of age, 5 Strepto-a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. 19 Investigation coccus suis has been isolated from cases of septice-into differences among lesions caused by various types mia.2,15,28 arthritis 2,10,22,24,28 meningitis, 2,22,24,28 pneuendocarditis, 5,15,20,22,28 may enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of monia, 13,22,24,28and numerous S. suis infections. The spectrum and frequency of leother lesions .20,21 Differences have been noted among sions observed in a prospective study of naturally ocvarious serotypes. Streptococcus suis type 1 (SS-1) gen-curring porcine SS-9 infections are described in this erally affects nursing piglets 1-3 weeks of age 4 and caus-report. es meningitis, arthritis, and septicemia. 17, 18, and 19. 8,9 Thus, it appears that there are differences in both virulence and lesions caused by the various types of S. suis.Whereas SS-2 is the most common type reported in most countries, 11,12,25 other types are prevalent in specific regions. In Finland and Denmark, S. suis type 7 (SS-7) is the most common 2,23 and is comparable to SS-1 in virulence, tissue tropism, and age of pig affected.2 In Australia, SS-9 is most common. 7Although the capsular antigens are not the only important virulence factors, 18,19,29,30 they are used in diagnostic laboratories to distinguish among isolates. 8,9 Correlations between capsular antigens and virulence Received for publication October 19, 1993. All pigs were from a minimal disease (caesarian-sectionderived Landrace crossbred parent stock) farrow-to-finish herd of 200 sows, known to be free of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection but with an approximate mortality of 6% of weanlings as a result of SS-9 infection. The majority of postweaning deaths were examined. In 33 pigs, SS-9 was isolated in greater numbers than any other pathogen from at least 1 organ other than joint. These isolations were considered to be systemic cases of SS-9 infection and are reported here. Pigs ranged in age from 32 days to 4 mo. Three of the 4 pigs that were submitted moribund were euthanized by intravenous barbiturate injection and 1 was euthanized by halothane inhal...

show abstract

Pathogenesis of Meningitis Caused by Streptococcus suis Type 2

Cited by 98 publications

References 54 publications

The Orphan Response Regulator CovR: a Globally Negative Modulator of Virulence inStreptococcus suisSerotype 2

The Orphan Response Regulator CovR: a Globally Negative Modulator of Virulence inStreptococcus suisSerotype 2

Pathogens Penetrating the Central Nervous System: Infection Pathways and the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Invasion

Lesions Caused by Natural Infection withStreptococcus SuisType 9 in Weaned Pigs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About