Pathogenesis Of Measles Virus Infection: An Hypothesis For Altered Immune Responses

Griffin, Diane E.; Ward, Brian J.; Esolen, Lisa M.

doi:10.1093/infdis/170.supplement_1.s24

Cited by 145 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…suppression include lymphopenia and proliferative unresponsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes to mitogens (Griffin et al, 1994;Schneider-Schaulies & ter Meulen, 2002). The ability of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) to both initiate T cell activation and mediate viral transport to secondary lymphatics has determined that they are central to MV-specific immunity and immunosuppression (Pollara et al, 2005;Steinman et al, 2003).…”

Section: Hallmarks Of Measles Virus (Mv)-induced Immuno-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles virus modulates chemokine release and chemotactic responses of dendritic cells

Abt

Gassert

Schneider‐Schaulies

2009

Journal of General Virology

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Interference with dendritic cell (DC) maturation and function is considered to be central to measles virus (MV)-induced immunosuppression. Temporally ordered production of chemokines and switches in chemokine receptor expression are essential for pathogen-driven DC maturation as they are prerequisites for chemotaxis and T cell recruitment. We found that MV infection of immature monocyte-derived DCs induced transcripts specific for CCL-1, -2, -3, -5, -17 and -22, CXCL-10 and CXCL-11, yet did not induce and CCL-20 at the mRNA and protein level. Within 24 h post-infection, T cell attraction was not detectably impaired by these cells. MV infection failed to promote the switch from CCR5 to CCR7 expression and this correlated with chemotactic responses of MV-matured DC cultures to CCL-3 rather than to CCL-19. Moreover, the chemotaxis of MV-infected DCs to either chemokine was compromised, indicating that MV also interferes with this property independently of chemokine receptor modulation. Hallmarks of measles virus (MV)-induced immuno-suppression include lymphopenia and proliferative unresponsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes to mitogens (Griffin et al., 1994;Schneider-Schaulies & ter Meulen, 2002). The ability of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) to both initiate T cell activation and mediate viral transport to secondary lymphatics has determined that they are central to MV-specific immunity and immunosuppression (Pollara et al., 2005;Steinman et al., 2003). MV targets CD150 + haematopoetic cells (Condack et al., 2007; de Swart et al., 2007), and in experimentally infected macaques, mucosal DCs replicate MV in vivo (de Swart et al., 2007). DCs are generated from precursors and they mature upon MV exposure in vitro (Dubois et al., 2001;Fugier-Vivier et al., 1997;Grosjean et al., 1997;Kaiserlian et al., 1997;Schnorr et al., 1997;Servet-Delprat et al., 2000), this involves toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling and type I interferon (IFN) (Minagawa et al., 2001;Schnorr et al., 1997;Servet-Delprat et al., 2000;Shingai et al., 2007). MV-matured DCs (MV-DCs) fail to promote allogenic T cell expansion, which results from signalling by the viral glycoproteins expressed on the DC surface to T cells (Kerdiles et al., 2006;Schneider-Schaulies & Dittmer, 2006;Schneider-Schaulies et al., 2003;Servet-Delprat et al., 2003).Maturing DCs change their responsiveness from initially pro-inflammatory to lymphoid-type chemokines (reflected by a switch from CCR5 to CCR7 surface expression) which allows egress from peripheral sites where they respond to CCR5-binding chemokines, such as CCL-3, and migration towards secondary lymphatics in response to CCR7-binding chemokines, such as CCL-19 (Caux et al., 2002;Sallusto et al., 1998;Sozzani et al., 1998); alterations in chemokine release also occur (Piqueras et al., 2006). DC chemotaxis is targeted during immune evasion by vaccinia virus, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and influenza A virus (Humrich et al., 2007;Moutaftsi et al., 2004;Prechtel et al., 2005;Salentin e...

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Section: Hallmarks Of Measles Virus (Mv)-induced Immuno-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles virus modulates chemokine release and chemotactic responses of dendritic cells

Abt

Gassert

Schneider‐Schaulies

2009

Journal of General Virology

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“…Both disruption of mucosal surfaces and the immunosuppression associated with measles virus predispose to secondary infection, which is thought to occur in over half of children with measles associated pneumonia (2,24,25). We found that the disease severity was associated with the higher peripheral leukocyte, neuthrophil counts and higher serum CRP levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Clinical characteristics, complications and prognosis of seventy-nine measles cases Yetmişdokuz kızamık olgusunda klinik özellikler, komplikasyonlar ve prognoz

Tuğba;TANIR¹

2006

Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası

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DAHİLİ BİLİMLER / MEDICAL SCIENCES Araştırma Yazısı / Original ArticleM easles is a highly contagious acute viral illness characterized by a distinct exanthem, pathognomic enanthem, accompanied by the classical triad of cough, coryza and conjunctivitis (1). Measles immunization is highly effective in preventing measles and reduces mortality in immunized children by 40-75% (2). The first measles vaccination is given to infants at 9 th months according to the Ministry of Health's recomendations in Turkey. Measles related deaths account for about 10% of all deaths in children under the age of 5 years in developing countries (3). Acute measles infection at an early Aim: To investigate the age distribution, clinical presentations, laboratory and radiological findings, complications and prognosis of measles in children. Materials and Methods:The children with the clinical diagnosis of measles which was confirmed by a sensitive enzyme immunoassay for measles IgM antibody were evaluated comprehensively aspect to complication of measles (i.e. pneumonia, otitis media, encephalitis). Results: The ages of the 79 patients with measles ranged from 1 to 180 months. The severity of the disease was significantly correlated with the younger age (p<0.001), higher levels of blood neuthrophil counts and serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP) (p<0.05). The most common complications were pneumonia (75%) and encephalitis (9%). Three (3,8%) patients died due to the complications. Conclusion: It was found that the severity of measles and the rate of complications are high especially in infancy. Secondary bacterial pneumonia is the most common complications and also responsible for the severity of measles. Acute measles encephalitis is not infrequent. Infancy, very severe pneumonia, malnutrition and compromised immunity are the major factors which increase mortality. Key words: measles, children, complicationsAmaç: Kızamığın çocuklarda yaş dağılımını, klinik ve laboratuar özelliklerini, radyolojik bulgularını, yan etkilerini ve prognozu değerlendirmek amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Klinik olarak kızamık tanısı konulan ve kızamık IgM antikor mikroELISA yön-temi ile de tanısı kesinleşen olgular kızamığın yan etkileri (alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonu, orta kulak iltihabı, ensefalit) açısından ayrıntılı olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Yetmiş dokuz olgunun yaşları 1-180 ay arasında değişmekteydi. Hastalığın şiddeti yaşın küçük olması (p<0.001), kan nötrofil sayısındaki ve CRP'deki yükseklik ile (p<0.05) ciddi olarak ilişkili bulundu. En sık görülen yan etki pnömoni (%75) ve ensefalit (%9) idi. Üç (%3,8) olgu kızamık yan etkilerinden dolayı kaybedildi. Tartışma: Özellikle bebeklik dönemindeki çocukların, kızamığın şiddeti ve yan etkileri açısından daha duyarlı oldukları saptandı İkincil bakteriyel alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonu oldukça sık ve ayrıca hastalığın ciddiyetinden sorumlu faktör olarak saptandı. Akut kızamık ensefalitinin de düşünüldüğü kadar ender olmadığı görüldü. Bebeklik dönemi, çok ciddi alt solunum yolu, malnütrisyon ve immun baskılanma morta...

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“…A direct viral action is suggested by the results of autopsy reports [15,16], in which viral antigen was found in a variety of epithelial cell types, including biliary duct epithelium. Moreover, we speculate that the particular tropism of measles virus for vascular endothelial cells [3,17] could play a role in the genesis of microangiopathy observed in AAC [10]. The role of bile stasis induced by fever, dehydration and prolonged fasting may also be evocated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

O Measles-Associated Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis

Clerckx¹,

Yombi²,

Belkhir³

et al. 2012

AID

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Background: Measles is a highly contagious viral infection whose complications most commonly involve the respiratory tract and the central nervous system. We report here what we think to be the first case of acute acalculous cholecystitis occurring during the course of measles. Case Presentation: A 22-year-old female presented with fever, sore throat, coryza and an erythematous maculopapular eruption. The diagnosis of measles was confirmed by the presence of IgM antibodies to measles virus in the absence of IgG antibodies. After initial favorable evolution, she developed abdominal pain with positive Murphy's sign and elevated liver enzymes. Ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen showed thickening (6.5 mm) of the gallbladder wall in the absence of stones or biliary tract dilatation. Evolution was spontaneously favorable, so that neither antibiotic therapy nor surgical intervention were necessary. Conclusion: In the context of worldwide recent measles outbreak, we think that clinicians should be aware of the possible occurrence of acute acalculous cholecystitis, a pathology usually associated with a high rate of complications.

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Pathogenesis Of Measles Virus Infection: An Hypothesis For Altered Immune Responses

Cited by 145 publications

References 85 publications

Measles virus modulates chemokine release and chemotactic responses of dendritic cells

Measles virus modulates chemokine release and chemotactic responses of dendritic cells

Clinical characteristics, complications and prognosis of seventy-nine measles cases Yetmişdokuz kızamık olgusunda klinik özellikler, komplikasyonlar ve prognoz

O Measles-Associated Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis

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