“…20,21 Trophozoites of EH produce two types (nodular and irregular) of nonspecific lesions, 22 whereas Shigella causes an invasive colitis involving the epithelium and lamina propria through a complex and intimate mechanism mediated by both microbial and host protein. 23 In direct stool microscopy, the presence of RBC, leukocytes/hpf (11 to 50), and macrophage were less frequently observed among cases with intestinal amebiasis.…”
Abstract. Between 1993 and 2011, a total of 371 intestinal amebiasis (IA), caused by Entamoeba histolytica cases were compared with 1,113 shigellosis (randomly selected) patients of icddr,b, excluding co-infections (rotavirus and Vibrio cholerae) in two age stratums: 0-14 years of age and 15 years of age. The number of IA and shigellosis cases gradually reduced over the study period. In multivariate analysis, individuals 0-14 years of age, slum dwellers (odds ratio
“…20,21 Trophozoites of EH produce two types (nodular and irregular) of nonspecific lesions, 22 whereas Shigella causes an invasive colitis involving the epithelium and lamina propria through a complex and intimate mechanism mediated by both microbial and host protein. 23 In direct stool microscopy, the presence of RBC, leukocytes/hpf (11 to 50), and macrophage were less frequently observed among cases with intestinal amebiasis.…”
Abstract. Between 1993 and 2011, a total of 371 intestinal amebiasis (IA), caused by Entamoeba histolytica cases were compared with 1,113 shigellosis (randomly selected) patients of icddr,b, excluding co-infections (rotavirus and Vibrio cholerae) in two age stratums: 0-14 years of age and 15 years of age. The number of IA and shigellosis cases gradually reduced over the study period. In multivariate analysis, individuals 0-14 years of age, slum dwellers (odds ratio
“…The existence of multiple HSTF species in any organisms suggest that the HSTF isoforms may have specialized functions that can be triggered by distinct stresses or may activate specific target genes and that the organisms requires of a coordinately co-regulation of different hsp genes [1,3,32]. Something similar could be occurring in E. histolytica, since this parasite is exposed to hard ambient conditions as gastric juices, changes in the temperature, pH and humidity depending of the organ or tissue invaded [33], until the contact with immune system cells and different bacteria species of the intestinal flora. All that situations will be generating the expression or repression of different molecules that permit to the amoeba survive.…”
Abstract:The HSTF is a master molecule involved in the transcriptional control of several genes during different types of stress. This transcription factor is a very conserved protein identified in different organisms from bacterial to human. Entamoeba histolytica is the protozoan responsible for the human amoebiasis. This parasite is exposed to different kind of stress as changes in the pH, temperature, drugs, all that situations in where the parasite needs survive. Here we identified and isolated a novel gene family of HSTFs in the protozoan parasite E. histolytica. Three members that we called Ehhstf1, Ehhstf2 and Ehhstf3 compose this family. Amino acid alignments and domain architecture analysis revealed that the EhHSTFs presents a conserved DNA-binding domain composed of approximately 25 residues. Interestingly this domain is shorter than the domain of the human, mouse and yeast HSTFs. Heterologous antibodies recognized four peptides of 73, 66, 47 and 23 kDa in total extracts from trophozoites growth under normal conditions. The 73, 47 and 23 kDa peptides increased their intensity when the cells were growth at 42°C by 2 h. All results together demonstrate that the amoeba present HSTFs, which may be, controlled the gene expression of this parasite under different stress situations.
Introduction:Little is known about the early events in the interaction between Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and its host. To understand the effect of carbohydrates in the interaction between the fungus and epithelial cell in culture, we analyzed the influence of different carbohydrate solutions on the adhesion of P. brasiliensis yeast cells to CCL-6 cells in culture. Methods: Fungal cells were cultivated with the epithelial cell line, and different concentrations of D-fucose, N-acetyl-glucosamine, D-mannose, D-glucosamine, D-galactosamine, sorbitol and fructose were added at the beginning of the experiment. Six hours after the treatment, the cells were fixed and observed by light microscopy. The number of P. brasiliensis cells that were adhered to the CCL-6 monolayer was estimated. Results: The number of adhesion events was diminished following treatments with D-fucose, N-acetyl-glucosamine, D-mannose, D-glucosamine and D-galactosamine as compared to the untreated controls. Sorbitol and fructose-treated cells had the same adhesion behavior as the observed in the control. P. brasiliensis propagules were treated with fluorescent lectins. The FITC-labeled lectins WGA and Con-A bound to P. brasiliensis yeast cells, while SBA and PNA did not. Conclusions: The perceptual of adhesion between P. brasiliensis and CCL-6 cells decreased with the use of D-mannose, N-acetyl-glucosamine and D-glucosamine. The assay using FITC-labeled lectins suggests the presence of N-acetyl-glucosamine, α-mannose and α-glucose on the P. brasiliensis cell surface. An enhanced knowledge of the mediators of adhesion on P. brasiliensis could be useful in the future for the development of more efficient and less harmful methods for disease treatment and control.
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