Pathogenesis of Graves’ disease focusing on Graves’ ophthalmopathy

Karoutsou, Eftychia; Polymeris, Antonis

doi:10.4149/endo_2011_04_209

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) encompasses a constellation of ocular signs and symptoms, including proptosis, motility restriction, eyelid retraction, eyelid lag, lagophthalmos and exposure keratopathy, which is closely linked to autoimmune thyroid disease. [1][2][3] Less than 5-10% of patients will develop severe expression and require aggressive management. 4,5 Also, the presence of GO has an unfavourable effect on the duration of remission in patients with Graves' disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta‐analysis of methylprednisolone pulse therapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy

Gao

Dai

Qian

et al. 2014

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy of methylprednisolone pulse therapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy. Eight studies involving 376 patients were included. A higher effective rate was found for patients treated with intravenous glucocorticoids (IVGC) over oral glucocorticoids (OGC) (risk ratio [RR] = 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18− 1.86). The combined IVGC and orbital radiotherapy (OR) was markedly more effective than OGC+OR (RR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.11−1.77). IVGC resulted in an obvious reduction of clinical activity score (CAS) compared with OGC, with a weighted mean difference (WMD) of 0.86 (95% CI = 0.53−1.18). The WMD for the reduction of the CAS between IVGC+OR and OGC+OR was 0.66 (95% CI = 0.30−1.02). IVGC is an effective treatment and cause fewer adverse events. Limiting the total cumulative dose of methylprednisolone, careful patient selection and monitoring the condition of patients during treatment are necessary.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta‐analysis of methylprednisolone pulse therapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy

Gao

Dai

Qian

et al. 2014

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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“…The volumes of both the extra-ocular muscles and retro-orbital connective and adipose tissues are increased, OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval due to inflammation and the accumulation of hydrophilic glycosaminoglycans, principally hyaluronic acid, in these tissues (4,5). The accumulation of glycosaminoglycans induces a change in osmotic pressure, which in turn leads to a fluid accumulation and an elevation in pressure within the orbit and displace the eyeball forward in TO (4,5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accumulation of glycosaminoglycans induces a change in osmotic pressure, which in turn leads to a fluid accumulation and an elevation in pressure within the orbit and displace the eyeball forward in TO (4,5). Since components of the RAS system are localized in the human ocular tissues (8), and angiotensin II potently induces synthesis of transforming growth factor TGF-b (22), it is likely that increased angiotensin II levels may activate synthesis of TGF-b and then stimulate hyaluronic acid accumulation in the orbital tissue, as hypothesized by Sagheb et al (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No major impact of insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene on thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

Kitikidou

Kaymakis²,

Milios³

2013

Turk J Med Sci

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Diff erence equations derived on the basis of the McDill-Amateis diff erential functions and from the integral form of the Bertalanff y, Richards, and Korf growth functions were used to model the dominant height growth of young European aspen (Populus tremula L.) stands on Athos Peninsula (northern Greece). Data from stem analysis were used for fi tting. Both numerical and graphical analyses were used to compare alternative models. Th e cross-validation approach was used to analyze the predictive ability of the models. Th e algebraic diff erence form of the diff erential function proposed by McDill and Amateis resulted in the best compromise between biological and statistical aspects and produced the most adequate site index curves. Th erefore, it is recommended for height growth prediction and site classifi cation of European aspen stands on Athos Peninsula. Th is equation is base-age invariant, so any number of points (A 1 , H 1 ) on a specifi c site curve can be used to make predictions for a given age A 2 and the predicted height H 2 will always be the same.

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