Pathogenesis of animal trypanosomiasis.

Abstract

This chapter discusses the clinical features, pathology, infection process and pathogenesis of, as well as immune responses to, trypanosomiasis in domestic animals. The host and parasite factors that contribute to pathology are reviewed. New immunological approaches (e.g., immunization) to gain resistance to trypanosomiasis, and rodent models are described.

Comparative clinical presentation and pathology of some organs in experimentally infected Yankasa sheep with Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma congolense from Nigeria

“…This observation is a confirmation of previous reports by other authors (13,31) that lesions in tissues were associated with the relative ability of Trypanosoma vivax to invade extravascular spaces and organs. The severity of the clinical signs depends on the pathogenicity of the strain.…”

“…Other factors, such as poor nutrition and concurrent infection, also play a role in the disease process. Trypanosoma vivax has been reported to have a variable incubation period and it is also considered to be less virulent for cattle than Trypanosoma congolense, but mortality rates of over 50% have been reported in affected herds of cattle (13,14).…”

Sensitivity of Trypanosoma congolense field isolates in experimentally infected calves in Konso district, Southern Ethiopia to isomethamidium and diminazene

“…congolense the identified species in the present study area, is in accordance with most of the previously conducted studies in the southern rift valley of Ethiopia (Abebe, 2005;Miruk et al, 2008) and in the Ghibe valley (Rowlands et al, 2001;Moti et al, 2012) where it is the dominant prevailing species. In general, it has been proved that T. congolense is the most prevalent and virulent trypanosome species in Eastern Africa, although certain hemorrhagic T. vivax strains still prevail in Eastern African countries (Taylor and Authie, 2004). An in-vivo experimental study was carried out to assess the of trypanocidal activities of Diminasan ® and Veridium ® most frequently used drugs in the study area.…”

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“…The primary causes of anemia are reported to be due to either Dyshemopoiesis or erythrophagocytosis in ruminants trypanosomiasis [8]. Taylor and Authie [9] explain that, the possible causes of Erythrophagocytosis are attributed to damage and increased rate of removal of red cells from the circulation by hemolytic factors released by dying trypanosomes, immune complexes bound to RBCs, together with fever and mechanical damage to RBCs by trypanosomes. Many investigators have shown alterations in hematology of infected camels [10][11][12][13].…”