Pathogenesis of Acute Experimental Liver Amebiasis

Pérez-Tamayo, Ruy; Montfort, Irmgard; García, Alfonso Olivos; Ramos, Espiridión; Barba-Ostria, Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.10.007

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, the role of these neutrophils in amoebiasis is not clear. Some reports suggest that neutrophils play a protective role, because less neutrophils result in more severe amoebiasis, whereas other reports indicate that E. histolytica trophozoites induce neutrophil death with the consequent release of neutrophil lytic products, which in turn cause inflammation and tissue damage . Therefore, the role of neutrophils in amoebiasis is still controversial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some reports suggest that neutrophils play a protective role, because less neutrophils result in more severe amoebiasis, 23,24 whereas other reports indicate that E. histolytica trophozoites induce neutrophil death with the consequent release of neutrophil lytic products, which in turn cause inflammation and tissue damage. [25][26][27] Therefore, the role of neutrophils in amoebiasis is still controversial. Neutrophils are the first line of defense against infections because they are the first leukocytes to arrive at the affected tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, several reports suggest that neutrophils play a protective role in amoebiasis . However, other reports indicate that trophozoites making direct contact with neutrophils provoke lysis of these leukocytes, resulting in the release of their lytic enzymes, which in turn provoke tissue damage . Therefore, the interaction of neutrophils with this parasite is complex and not completely understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica, but not Entamoeba dispar, induce neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation

Fonseca

Uribe‐Querol

Díaz-Godínez

et al. 2019

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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Amoebiasis is an infection of global importance, caused by the eukaryotic parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Pathogenic E. histolytica is associated worldwide with over a million cases of amoebic dysentery, colitis, and amoebic liver abscess. In contrast, the nonpathogenic Entamoeba dispar does not cause these diseases, although it is commonly found in the same areas as pathogenic amoeba. Entamoeba histolytica infection is usually associated with infiltrating neutrophils. These neutrophils appear to play a defensive role against this parasite, by mechanisms not completely understood. Recently, our group reported that neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) are produced in response to E. histolytica trophozoites. But, there is no information on whether nonpathogenic E. dispar can also induce NET formation. In this report, we explored the possibility that E. dispar leads to NET formation. Neutrophils were stimulated by E. histolytica trophozoites or by E. dispar trophozoites, and NET formation was assessed by video microscopy. NET induced by E. histolytica were important for trapping and killing amoebas. In contrast, E. dispar did not induce NET formation in any condition. Also E. dispar did not induce neutrophil degranulation or reactive oxygen species production. In addition, E. histolytica‐induced NET formation required alive amoebas and it was inhibited by galactose, N‐acetylgalactosamine, and lactose. These data show that only alive pathogenic E. histolytica activates neutrophils to produce NET, and suggest that recognition of the parasite involves a carbohydrate with an axial HO‐ group at carbon 4 of a hexose.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica, but not Entamoeba dispar, induce neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation

Fonseca

Uribe‐Querol

Díaz-Godínez

et al. 2019

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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“…The mechanisms of chronic inflammation seem to be a likely candidate [2, 42, 43]. Of course, it is the adhesion of amoebas and their capacity to evade the host immune defenses that provoke a continuous inflammatory response [31, 44–46]. …”

Section: Adhesion and Cytotoxic Activity Of Amoebas During Amoebiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, in the absence of inflammatory cells, virulent E. histolytica trophozoites lead to little or no abscess formation in hamsters [44, 153]. …”

Section: An Overview Of the Prx Model Of Amoebiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Peroxynitrite and Peroxiredoxin in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Amebic Liver Abscess

Pacheco‐Yépez¹,

Jarillo-Luna²,

Gutiérrez-Meza³

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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The molecular mechanisms by which Entamoeba histolytica causes amebic liver abscess (ALA) are still not fully understood. Amebic mechanisms of adherence and cytotoxic activity are pivotal for amebic survival but apparently do not directly cause liver abscess. Abundant evidence indicates that chronic inflammation (resulting from an inadequate immune response) is probably the main cause of ALA. Reports referring to inflammatory mechanisms of liver damage mention a repertoire of toxic molecules by the immune response (especially nitric oxide and reactive oxygen intermediates) and cytotoxic substances released by neutrophils and macrophages after being lysed by amoebas (e.g., defensins, complement, and proteases). Nevertheless, recent evidence downplays these mechanisms in abscess formation and emphasizes the importance of peroxynitrite (ONOO−). It seems that the defense mechanism of amoebas against ONOO−, namely, the amebic thioredoxin system (including peroxiredoxin), is superior to that of mammals. The aim of the present text is to define the importance of ONOO− as the main agent of liver abscess formation during amebic invasion, and to explain the superior capacity of amoebas to defend themselves against this toxic agent through the peroxiredoxin and thioredoxin system.

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Neutrophils vs. amoebas: Immunity against the protozoan parasiteEntamoeba histolytica

Rosales

2021

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite with high prevalence in developing countries, and causes amoebiasis. This disease affects the intestine and the liver, and is the third leading cause of human deaths among parasite infections. E. histolytica infection of the intestine or liver is associated with a strong inflammation characterized by a large number of infiltrating neutrophils. Consequently, several reports suggest that neutrophils play a protective role in amoebiasis. However, other reports indicate that amoebas making direct contact with neutrophils provoke lysis of these leukocytes, resulting in the release of their lytic enzymes, which in turn provoke tissue damage. Therefore, the role of neutrophils in this parasitic infection remains controversial. Neutrophils migrate from the circulation to sites of infection, where they display several antimicrobial functions, including phagocytosis, degranulation, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). Recently, it was found that E. histolytica trophozoites are capable of inducing NET formation. Neutrophils in touch with amoebas launched NET in an explosive manner around the amoebas and completely covered them in nebulous DNA and cell aggregates where parasites got immobilized and killed. In addition, the phenotype of neutrophils can be modified by the microbiome resulting in protection against amoebas. This review describes the mechanisms of E. histolytica infection and discusses the novel view of how neutrophils are involved in innate immunity defense against amoebiasis. Also, the mechanisms on how the microbiome modulates neutrophil function are described.

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Pathogenesis of Acute Experimental Liver Amebiasis

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

Pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica, but not Entamoeba dispar, induce neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation

Pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica, but not Entamoeba dispar, induce neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation

Peroxynitrite and Peroxiredoxin in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Amebic Liver Abscess

Neutrophils vs. amoebas: Immunity against the protozoan parasiteEntamoeba histolytica

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