Pathogenesis in lambs and sequence analysis of putative virulence genes of Brazilian orf virus isolates

Martins, Mathias; Cargnelutti, Juliana Felipetto; Weiblen, Rudi; Flores, Eduardo F.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.09.005

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…Genetic analysis of different strains of ORFV has revealed further sequence disparity, with two individual isolates, ORFV NZ2 and ORFV NZ7 showing only 41% identity to each other [ 44 , 156 ]. Most ORFV strains have been shown to carry ORFV NZ2 -like versions of the VEGF gene but their predicted amino acid sequences vary by up to 31% [ 33 , 156 , 157 , 158 , 159 , 160 , 161 ]. Although the parapoxvirus VEGFs bind VEGFR-2 and are mitogens for endothelial cells, they in fact differ in their affinities for VEGFR-1 and NRP-1 and their abilities to induce monocyte chemotaxis and vascular permeability [ 144 , 153 ].…”

Section: Homologue Of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: Increasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Genetic Analysis of Orf Virus: A Poxvirus That Has Adapted to Skin

Fleming

Wise

Mercer

2015

Viruses

122

117

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Orf virus is the type species of the Parapoxvirus genus of the family Poxviridae. It induces acute pustular skin lesions in sheep and goats and is transmissible to humans. The genome is G+C rich, 138 kbp and encodes 132 genes. It shares many essential genes with vaccinia virus that are required for survival but encodes a number of unique factors that allow it to replicate in the highly specific immune environment of skin. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that both viral interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor genes have been “captured” from their host during the evolution of the parapoxviruses. Genes such as a chemokine binding protein and a protein that binds granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 appear to have evolved from a common poxvirus ancestral gene while three parapoxvirus nuclear factor (NF)-κB signalling pathway inhibitors have no homology to other known NF-κB inhibitors. A homologue of an anaphase-promoting complex subunit that is believed to manipulate the cell cycle and enhance viral DNA synthesis appears to be a specific adaptation for viral-replication in keratinocytes. The review focuses on the unique genes of orf virus, discusses their evolutionary origins and their role in allowing viral-replication in the skin epidermis.

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Section: Homologue Of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: Increasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Genetic Analysis of Orf Virus: A Poxvirus That Has Adapted to Skin

Fleming

Wise

Mercer

2015

Viruses

122

117

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“…Lately, Martins et al (2014) demonstrated that Brazilian orf viruses isolates display differential virulence in lambs which might be associated with genetic changes in putative virulence genes. Subsequently, Yang et al (2014) provided molecular evidence about the genetic variability of the major antigenic and virulence genes in the virus isolates from epidemic in Xinjiang (China).…”

Section: Advances In Animal and Veterinary Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contagious Pustular Dermatitis (Orf Disease) - Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Control and Public Health Concerns

Kumar¹,

Trivedi²,

Bhatt³

et al. 2015

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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| Contagious pustular dermatitis (CPD), also known as Orf or contagious ecthyma is an important viral disease of sheep and goats. It is mainly seen as a benign disease but malignant form has also been reported from few parts of the world. The rates of morbidity and mortality are higher, particularly in lambs and kids experiencing the disease for the first time. The causative agent of disease is Orf virus, type species of the genus Parapoxvirus belonging to family Poxviridae. The virus produces localized persistent proliferative skin lesions and affected hosts are infected repeatedly owing to its host immune evasive strategy. These viruses have been found uniformly labile to chloroform but resistant to ether and also exhibit antigenic variations among them. Clinically, the disease is enzootic and occurs in three forms viz. labial, genital / mammary and generalized forms. The incubation period in natural cases is 2-3 weeks. The disease outbreaks mostly occur between autumn and spring but its severity is more in autumn and winter than spring. The virus grows well in cell cultures of caprine, ovine and bovine origin. Confounding symptoms impose laboratory affirmation by serological assays or molecular techniques. The disease can be diagnosed by electron microscopy, serological tests and PCR/ quantitative real-time PCR. Virus specific antibody response to structural proteins of capripox and orf viruses in western-blot analysis readily differentiates these two infections. The antibody response to the 32 kDa and 26 kDa proteins of capripox viruses provides a firm basis for differentiation. Although, the role of humoral immunity is well established but probably cell mediated immunity plays a major role in recovery from natural infections. A number of inactivated and live or live modified vaccines have been tried with variable success. The duration of immunity after vaccination is controversial; outbreaks have occurred in vaccinated animals. The disease is also of public health significance as it causes infection in human beings. Keywords

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“…A sequencing analysis of the virus has been studied and Peralta et al 2015 [ 19 ] identified five genes namely, B2L, ORFO20, ORF109, ORF127, ORF117 genes from virus outbreaks in Argentina. Furthermore, Delhon G.et al 2004 [ 20 ] sequenced the whole genome of the virus and phylogenic analysis has been carried out from various isolates from around the world such as Korea [ 21 ], Brazil [ 22 ], china [ 23 , 24 ] and India [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular identification and investigations of contagious ecthyma (Orf virus) in small ruminants, North west Ethiopia

et al. 2018

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BackgroundOrf virus, the prototype of parapoxvirus, is the main causative agent of contagious ecthyma. Little is known about the status of the disease in Ethiopia and this study was aimed at determining its status using PCR as a confirmatory tool.Methodsa total of 400 randomly selected sheep and goat was screened for the identification of the virus using amplification of B2L gene and transfection of mammalian cells (VERO cells).ResultsOut of 400 animals screened for infection of the virus, 48 animals were found positive to PCR and revealed an overall incidence of 12%. Different epidemiological parameters were considered to look at the association with incidence of the disease and of which, only species of the animal(sheep), non-vaccinated and non-treated animals, nursing animals, poor body condition animals, extensively managed animals, animals having mouth lesion, and study areas having outbreak history showed higher prevalence. A univariate logistic regression analysis showed statistically significant difference in all variables (P < 0.05). Whereas, age and sex of animals showed no significant difference (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe result of the present finding showed high incidence of Orf virus in the region as confirmed through PCR.

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Pathogenesis in lambs and sequence analysis of putative virulence genes of Brazilian orf virus isolates

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

Molecular Genetic Analysis of Orf Virus: A Poxvirus That Has Adapted to Skin

Molecular Genetic Analysis of Orf Virus: A Poxvirus That Has Adapted to Skin

Contagious Pustular Dermatitis (Orf Disease) - Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Control and Public Health Concerns

Molecular identification and investigations of contagious ecthyma (Orf virus) in small ruminants, North west Ethiopia

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