Pathogenesis and immune response to<i>Paracoccidioides brasiliensis</i>in the fructivorous bat,<i>Artibeus lituratus</i>

Greer, Donald L.; McMurray, David N.

doi:10.1080/00362178185380281

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Later, Greer and Bolaños () proved that the fungus did not survive in the gastrointestinal tract of A. lituratus and stated that this species probably plays no role in the distribution of P. brasiliensis in nature. In our study, both bats showed the presence of the fungus in the spleen and liver and no infection in the intestines, corroborating with previous reports (Greer & Bolaños, ; Greer & McMurray, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Grose and Tramsitt () isolated P. brasiliensis from the intestinal tract of three frugivorous Artibeus lituratus bats. Greer and McMurray () showed that this species was susceptible to intraperitoneal and intranasal experimental infection, by observing the dissemination of the fungus to the liver and spleen and the subsequent death of the infected bats. The authors did not report the isolation of P. brasiliensis from the intestines (Greer & McMurray, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Greer and McMurray () showed that this species was susceptible to intraperitoneal and intranasal experimental infection, by observing the dissemination of the fungus to the liver and spleen and the subsequent death of the infected bats. The authors did not report the isolation of P. brasiliensis from the intestines (Greer & McMurray, ). Later, Greer and Bolaños () proved that the fungus did not survive in the gastrointestinal tract of A. lituratus and stated that this species probably plays no role in the distribution of P. brasiliensis in nature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infection byHistoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcusspp. andParacoccidioides brasiliensisin bats collected in urban areas

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Richini-Pereira

et al. 2018

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Epidemiological studies on endemic mycosis can be improved using molecular biology techniques to elucidate the role of bats as reservoirs and vectors of pathogenic fungi for infection of other animals and humans. The objective of this study was to explore the presence of Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus spp. and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in insectivorous, frugivorous and nectarivorous bats collected in urban areas. We analysed 172 bats collected by the Epidemiological Surveillance Agency in 12 municipalities of the Midwest region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil.Spleen, liver, intestine and lung samples were subjected to microbiological culture and nested PCR analyses. Prevalence of H. capsulatum infection was 8.1% (14/172), with one bat found to be positive by fungal culturing, 12 positive by nested PCR and one positive by both methods. Two insectivorous bats were found positive by nested PCR for Cryptococcus spp., one in the spleen and the other in the spleen and lung. Two insectivorous bats showed natural infection by P. brasiliensis, in the spleen of one bat and the spleen and liver of the other. Our results reinforce the importance of bats as fungal dispersers in urban environments and the importance of constant epidemiologic surveillance because these synanthropic animals are in close contact with humans and animals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infection byHistoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcusspp. andParacoccidioides brasiliensisin bats collected in urban areas

Paz

Adorno

Richini-Pereira

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…The fungus was isolated from internal organs as well as in bat guano-enriched soils [ 42 , 43 ]. Other closely related human fungal pathogens such as Coccidioides posadasii [ 87 ], Blastomyces dermatitidis [ 88 ], and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis [ 89 ] have been isolated only sporadically from bats. Bats are widely distributed across many continents and ecosystems, being one of the largest groups of mammals, second in number of species after the order Rodentia and first in number of individuals [ 90 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide Phylogenetic Distributions and Population Dynamics of the Genus Histoplasma

et al. 2016

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BackgroundHistoplasma capsulatum comprises a worldwide complex of saprobiotic fungi mainly found in nitrogen/phosphate (often bird guano) enriched soils. The microconidia of Histoplasma species may be inhaled by mammalian hosts, and is followed by a rapid conversion to yeast that can persist in host tissues causing histoplasmosis, a deep pulmonary/systemic mycosis. Histoplasma capsulatum sensu lato is a complex of at least eight clades geographically distributed as follows: Australia, Netherlands, Eurasia, North American classes 1 and 2 (NAm 1 and NAm 2), Latin American groups A and B (LAm A and LAm B) and Africa. With the exception of the Eurasian cluster, those clades are considered phylogenetic species.Methodology/Principal FindingsIncreased Histoplasma sampling (n = 234) resulted in the revision of the phylogenetic distribution and population structure using 1,563 aligned nucleotides from four protein-coding regions. The LAm B clade appears to be divided into at least two highly supported clades, which are geographically restricted to either Colombia/Argentina or Brazil respectively. Moreover, a complex population genetic structure was identified within LAm A clade supporting multiple monophylogenetic species, which could be driven by rapid host or environmental adaptation (~0.5 MYA). We found two divergent clades, which include Latin American isolates (newly named as LAm A1 and LAm A2), harboring a cryptic cluster in association with bats.Conclusions/SignificanceAt least six new phylogenetic species are proposed in the Histoplasma species complex supported by different phylogenetic and population genetics methods, comprising LAm A1, LAm A2, LAm B1, LAm B2, RJ and BAC-1 phylogenetic species. The genetic isolation of Histoplasma could be a result of differential dispersion potential of naturally infected bats and other mammals. In addition, the present study guides isolate selection for future population genomics and genome wide association studies in this important pathogen complex.

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“…More than 20-years ago, animal models were used to measure the immune responses in PCM, initially in hamsters [4,5], mice [6][7][8][9], and then in guinea pigs [10,11] and bats [12]. Additionally, a recent study has utilized dogs to explore certain immune functions [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary immune responses induced in BALB/c mice by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia

2008

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Pathogenesis and immune response toParacoccidioides brasiliensisin the fructivorous bat,Artibeus lituratus

Abstract: Groups of neotropical bats (Artibeus lituratus) were inoculated by the intraperitoneal or intranasal routes with varying doses of yeast phase Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Infection byHistoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcusspp. andParacoccidioides brasiliensisin bats collected in urban areas

Infection byHistoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcusspp. andParacoccidioides brasiliensisin bats collected in urban areas

Worldwide Phylogenetic Distributions and Population Dynamics of the Genus Histoplasma

Pulmonary immune responses induced in BALB/c mice by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia

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