Pathogen inactivation of Trypanosoma cruzi in plasma and platelet concentrates using riboflavin and ultraviolet light

Cardo, Lisa J.; Salata, Jeanne; Mendez, J.; Reddy, Heather L.; Goodrich, Raymond P.

doi:10.1016/j.transci.2007.07.002

Cited by 72 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Elimination of numerous pathogens has been demonstrated using the same principle, in development of the device for pathogen inactivation in transfusion medicine. Thus it has already been established that the UV/riboflavin combination has an antimicrobial effect and mechanisms involved in pathogen elimination have been described [36][37][38][39][40]. It is therefore plausible that by utilizing a photochemical process even the most severe cases of microbial keratitis could be confronted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vitro experiments have supported the view that there is a bactericidal effect of this combination by demonstration of bacterial elimination using 365-nm light photo-activation of riboflavin [33][34][35]. Further evidence of this antimicrobial effect is added by the pathogen reduction technology developed for elevating safety in transfusions of human blood products, utilizing the same mode of action [36][37][38][39][40]. In view of the favorable clinical reports and the demonstrated sterilization properties of photo-activated riboflavin, we initiated a clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of CXL as a solitary therapy for bacterial keratitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

UVA-riboflavin photochemical therapy of bacterial keratitis: a pilot study

Makdoumi

Mortensen

Sorkhabi

et al. 2011

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

160

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

UVA-riboflavin photochemical therapy of bacterial keratitis: a pilot study

Makdoumi

Mortensen

Sorkhabi

et al. 2011

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

160

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“…UVA and B2 in combination have since been used as an antimicrobial agent for contamination in blood products [137]. In vitro experiments have supported the view that there is a bactericidal effect of activated riboflavin by using 365-nm UV light [138,139].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Effectmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Role of Ultraviolet Radiation in the Ocular System of Mammals

et al. 2014

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Abstract:With decreasing levels of ozone in the atmosphere, we are being exposed to higher levels of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) than ever before. UVR carries higher energy than visible light, and its effects on tissues include DNA damage, gene mutations, immunosuppression, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. In the eye, UVR is strongly associated with the development of basal and squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid, pterygium, photokeratitis, climatic droplet keratopathy, ocular surface squamous neoplasia, cataracts, and uveal melanoma, and is weakly associated with age-related macular degeneration. Despite overwhelming evidence regarding the deleterious effects on UVR, public health measures to encourage UV protection of the eyes is generally lacking. Options for photoprotection include sunglasses, wide brim hats, windshields, plastic films for side windows in cars, UV blocking contact lenses, and following the UV Index report daily. The American National Standards Institute currently has regulations regarding properties of UV blocking sunglasses; however, compliance in the US is not mandatory. On the other hand, UVR does have therapeutic applications in the eye, particularly, riboflavin activated by ultraviolet A light (UVA) radiation is used clinically to slow the progression of keratoconus, post-LASIK keratectasia, and bullous keratopathy by crosslinking corneal collagen fibers. OPEN ACCESSPhotonics 2014, 1 348 Additionally, riboflavin activated by UVA has been shown to have antibacterial, antiviral, and antiparasitic effects. This is clinically relevant in the treatment of infectious keratitis. Finally, exposure to low levels of light in the UV spectrum has been found to regulate the growth of the eye and lack of adequate exposure may increase the risk of development and progression of myopia.

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“…Using riboflavin as a photosensitizer, in combination with UV light, has been shown to reduce the infectivity of a broad range of pathogenic blood-borne contaminants, including bacteria 3,4,8,10,[19][20][21] .The use of riboflavin and UV light for pathogen reduction is non-toxic and non-mutagenic, and riboflavin and UV light-treated components have been shown to be safe for transfusion recipients as well as for those handling blood products 18 . Briefly, riboflavin molecules can associate with the nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) of bacteria, parasites, viruses and any nucleated cell (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Platelet Products with Riboflavin and UV Light: Effectiveness Against High Titer Bacterial Contamination

Keil

Hovenga

Gilmour

et al. 2015

JoVE

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Contamination of platelet units by bacteria has long been acknowledged as a significant transfusion risk due to their post-donation storage conditions. Products are routinely stored at 22 °C on an agitating shaker, a condition that can promote bacterial growth. Although the total number of bacteria believed to be introduced into a platelet product is extremely low, these bacteria can multiply to a very high titer prior to transfusion, potentially resulting in serious adverse events. The aim of this study was to evaluate a riboflavin based pathogen reduction process against a panel of bacteria that have been identified as common contaminants of platelet products. This panel included the following organisms: S. epidermidis, S. aureus, S. mitis, S. pyogenes, S. marcescens, Y. enterocolitica, B. neotomae, B. cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae. Each platelet unit was inoculated with a high bacterial load and samples were removed both before and after treatment. A colony forming assay, using an end point dilution scheme, was used to determine the pre-treatment and post-treatment bacterial titers. Log reduction was calculated by subtracting the post-treatment titer from the pre-treatment titer. The following log reductions were observed: S. epidermidis 4.7 log (99.998%), S. aureus 4.8 log (99.998%), S. mitis 3.7 log (99.98%), S. pyogenes 2.6 log (99.7%), S. marcescens 4.0 log (99.99%), Y. enterocolitica 3.3 log (99.95%), B. neotomae 5.4 log (99.9996%), B. cereus 2.6 log (99.7%), E. coli ≥5.4 log (99.9996%), P. aeruginosa 4.7 log (99.998%) and K. pneumoniae 2.8 log (99.8%). The results from this study suggest the process could help to lower the risk of severe adverse transfusion events associated with bacterial contamination.

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Pathogen inactivation of Trypanosoma cruzi in plasma and platelet concentrates using riboflavin and ultraviolet light

Abstract: Mirasol PRT treatment demonstrated an ability to inactivate 5-7 logs of T. cruzi in plasma and platelets.

Cited by 72 publications

References 23 publications

UVA-riboflavin photochemical therapy of bacterial keratitis: a pilot study

UVA-riboflavin photochemical therapy of bacterial keratitis: a pilot study

The Role of Ultraviolet Radiation in the Ocular System of Mammals

Treatment of Platelet Products with Riboflavin and UV Light: Effectiveness Against High Titer Bacterial Contamination

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