Pathogen, host and environmental factors contributing to the pathogenesis of listeriosis

Abstract

Listeriosis is a severe human and animal disease caused by two species of pathogenic bacteria from the genus Listeria, L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii. In humans, listeriosis is overwhelmingly a foodborne disease, yet much remains to be learned regarding the transmission dynamics of pathogenic Listeria from the environment, through food, to humans. Similarly, our understanding of the various host, pathogen and environmental factors that impact the pathogenesis of listeriosis at the cellular and molecular level is incomplete. This review will summarize what is currently known about animal and human listeriosis, detail the pathogen, host and environmental factors that contribute to pathogenesis and, finally, examine the interactions among those factors that influence the occurrence of human infection.

The arsenal of virulence factors deployed byListeria monocytogenesto promote its cell infection cycle

“…5,6 These ubiquitous bacteria are commonly isolated from plants, soil and water and L. monocytogenes is capable to contaminate agriculture environments, animal feed and foods. 7 The pathogenic species L. monocytogenes causes disease in humans and animals, whereas L. ivanovii only affects animals, mainly sheep and cattle. The remaining species are not pathogenic.…”

Listeriosis – a dangerous, contagious disease. Meningitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes – case report

“…W leczeniu listeriozy antybiotykiem z wyboru wydaje się Ampicylina, mimo obserwowanej niekiedy oporności na jej działanie [13]. Ampicylina dobrze penetruje do komórek gospodarza, nie zmieniając przy tym istotnie pH i stężenia, co zapewnia skuteczne działanie tego antybiotyku.…”

“…Listeria monocytogenes występuje powszechnie w środowisku, zanieczyszczając glebę, wodę i rośliny, ponadto nosicielami tego zarazka jest ponad 40 gatunków zwierząt domowych i dzikich. Stwarza to ogromną możliwość transmisji patogenu wieloma drogami wśród zwierząt, pomiędzy zwierzętami i człowiekiem, a także w populacji ludzkiej [13]. Patogen z łatwością rozwija się nawet na przedmiotach codziennego użyt-ku.…”

Zoonotic and Animal Vector Mediated Encephalitides

“…This pathogen is capable of living in a wide range conditions, tolerating in both an extensive temperature and pH range (0.5-45C, pH 4.3-9.8) (Gandhi & Chikindas, 2007). L. monocytogenes is capable of infecting a variety of hosts (Roberts & Wiedmann, 2003), but mainly reported in livestock (Low & Donachie, 1997). Human encephalitic cases have been reported (Johnson & Colley, 1969;Armstrong & Fung, 1993).…”