Pathogen Effectors: Exploiting the Promiscuity of Plant Signaling Hubs

Ceulemans, Evi; Ibrahim, Heba M. M.; Coninck, Barbara De; Goossens, Alain

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2021.01.005

Cited by 46 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…Some of these have come from a better understanding of the regulation of plant immunity and mechanisms of pathogenicity. It is clear now that pathogens can reprogramme defence regulation in the host by stealth, for example, using small RNAs (Ceulemans et al, 2021;Nunes & Dean, 2012). HIGS can exploit this knowledge but it can also be based on interfering with housekeeping genes essential for the pathogen in question; they do not have to possess a specific role for pathogenicity.…”

Section: What Is New?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic approaches for plant disease control: Status and prospects 2021

Collinge

Sarrocco

2021

Plant Pathology

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Plant diseases are responsible for major crop losses and postharvest spoilage; though losses are difficult to calculate, educated estimates suggest they are responsible for 20% to 40% of losses from plough to plate for major crops (Oerke, 2006;Savary et al., 2019). Hypothetically, with current estimated population growth, we could solve the challenge of feeding the world by 2050 were we able to control all disease (Collinge et al., 2010). Plant disease can be managed primarily by farmer skill, pesticides, disease resistance, and biological control, in roughly that order of importance. Disease resistance is effective when it works because no specific input is required by the grower after sowing or planting. However, despite major effort by plant pathologists and breeders over a century, no effective disease-resistant cultivars are available for many diseases, and, for many important diseases, the pathogen overcomes natural

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Section: What Is New?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic approaches for plant disease control: Status and prospects 2021

Collinge

Sarrocco

2021

Plant Pathology

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“…In addition to direct suppression of plant immunity, pathogen effectors also interfere with other cellular processes including phytohormone signalling, gene expression, protein degradation, organelle function and metabolism, promoting bacterial infection (Büttner, 2016; Ceulemans, Ibrahim, De Coninck, & Goossens, 2021; Landry, González‐Fuente, Deslandes, & Peeters, 2020; Langin, Gouguet, & Üstün, 2020; Macho, 2016; Perez‐Quintero & Szurek, 2019). For example, recent studies have revealed two effectors from R. solanacearum , RipTAL and RipI, increase host metabolites polyamines and gamma‐aminobutyric acid, respectively (Wu et al, 2019; Xian et al, 2020).…”

Section: Effectors Play Key Roles In Bacteria–plant Binary Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effectors Play Key Roles In Bacteria-plant Binary Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can bacterial type III effectors mediate pathogen–plant–microbiota ternary interactions?

Liu

Cai

et al. 2021

Plant Cell & Environment

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Bacterial pathogens use a type III secretion system to directly inject effector proteins into plant cells promoting infection. The molecular function and virulence contribution of type III effectors have been exclusively studied in binary plant‐pathogen interactions. However, the recent explosion of microbiome research in plants has profoundly altered our perspective on plant‐pathogen interactions. Here we hypothesize that type III effectors manipulate the microbiota composition by mediating ternary pathogen‐plant‐microbiota interactions. Our hypothesis will open new doors to study the biological functions of type III effectors and provide basis to develop new strategies for plant disease control.

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“…This collective response is known as PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Inactivation of this immune response through targeting and disabling of critical signaling components by secreted effector proteins is a major strategy by which plant pathogens may promote their own virulence (Zhou et al, 2014;Ahmed et al, 2018;Ceulemans et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The class I TCP transcription factor AtTCP8 is a modulator of phytohormone-responsive signaling networks

Spears

McInturf

Chlebowski

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The plant-specific TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/ CYCLOIDEA/ PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) transcription factor family is most closely associated with regulating plant developmental programs. Recently, TCPs were also shown to mediate host immune signaling, both as targets of pathogen virulence factors and regulators of plant defense genes. However, any comprehensive characterization of TCP gene targets is still lacking. Loss of the class I TCP AtTCP8 attenuates early immune signaling, and when combined with mutations in AtTCP14 and AtTCP15, additional layers of defense signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we focus on TCP8, the most poorly characterized of the three to date. We use chIP and RNA-sequencing to identify TCP8-bound gene promoters and differentially regulated genes in the tcp8 mutant, data sets that are heavily enriched in signaling components for multiple phytohormone pathways, including brassinosteroids (BRs), auxin, and jasmonic acid (JA). Using BR signaling as a representative example, we show that TCP8 directly binds and activates the promoters of the key BR transcriptional regulators BZR1 and BZR2/BES1. Furthermore, tcp8 mutant seedlings exhibit altered BR-responsive growth patterns and complementary reductions in BZR2 transcript levels, while the expressed protein demonstrates BR-responsive changes in subnuclear localization and transcriptional activity. We conclude that one explanation for the significant targeting of TCP8 alongside other TCP family members by pathogen effectors may lie in its role as a modulator of brassinosteroid and other plant hormone signaling pathways.

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Pathogen Effectors: Exploiting the Promiscuity of Plant Signaling Hubs

Cited by 46 publications

References 100 publications

Transgenic approaches for plant disease control: Status and prospects 2021

Transgenic approaches for plant disease control: Status and prospects 2021

Can bacterial type III effectors mediate pathogen–plant–microbiota ternary interactions?

The class I TCP transcription factor AtTCP8 is a modulator of phytohormone-responsive signaling networks

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